{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T09:16:10Z","timestamp":1788254170209,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787788800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Tradescantia pendula is a medicinal plant traditionally used in Mexico to treat inflammatory and infectious conditions. This study evaluated the phytochemical composition, antimicrobial activity, toxicity, and cytotoxicity of T. pendula extracts. Plant material was sequentially extracted using hexane, chloroform, and methanol, followed by phytochemical screening, antimicrobial evaluation against clinically relevant bacterial strains, toxicity assessment using the Artemia salina model, cytotoxicity analysis in HaCaT and U937 cell lines, and GC\u2013MS characterization. Phytochemical screening of the chloroform extract revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, triterpenes, and glycosides. Antimicrobial activity was observed mainly against Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, with bacterial viability reduced by up to 95.2%. Toxicity assays in Artemia salina demonstrated marked biological activity, with LC50 values of 63.54, 23.12, and 23.05 \u03bcg\/mL for the hexane, chloroform, and methanol extracts, respectively. Cytotoxicity assays revealed cell type-dependent responses, with U937 monocytic cells exhibiting greater sensitivity than HaCaT keratinocytes. All three extracts produced non-monotonic concentration\u2013response profiles, with enhanced metabolic activity at intermediate concentrations and substantial decreases in cell viability at lower concentrations. GC\u2013MS analysis revealed lipophilic metabolites, including phytol-related compounds and fatty acid esters. These findings suggest that T. pendula is a promising source of bioactive metabolites with antimicrobial and cytotoxic properties, supporting its ethnopharmacological relevance and potential pharmacological applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules31173000","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T08:02:27Z","timestamp":1787817747000},"page":"3000","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Phytochemical Characterization and Toxicity Activity of Tradescantia pendula Extracts"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Rubi Esmeralda","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez Campos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Molecular Engineering and Sustainable Technologies, Deanship Engineering, Universidad Popular Aut\u00f3noma del Estado de Puebla (UPAEP), Sur 21, 1103 Barrio de Santiago, Puebla 72410, Mexico"},{"name":"Puebla State Council for Science and Technology (CONCyTEP), Boulevard Atlixc\u00e1yotl 1101, Reserva Territorial Atlixc\u00e1yotl, Concepci\u00f3n las Lajas, Centro Integral de Servicios (CIS), Puebla 72190, Mexico"},{"name":"Area of Chemistry, Department of Sciences, Universidad Popular Aut\u00f3noma del Estado de Puebla (UPAEP), Sur 21, 1103 Barrio de Santiago, Puebla 72410, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Bautista Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multidisciplinary Laboratory in Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Integrative Bioinformatics Applied to Health (LAMB3IS), Faculty of Health Sciences, Autonomous University of Tlaxcala (UATx), Zacatelco 90750, Mexico"},{"name":"Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS-CNRS), 31077 Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9sar Emmanuel","family":"Ale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Agronomy, Zootechnics and Veterinary Medicine, National University of Tucuman, Avenida Kirchner 1900, San Miguel de Tucum\u00e1n 4000, Tucum\u00e1n, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0417-4142","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sol\u00f3n Javier","family":"Garc\u00e9s Eisele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Molecular Engineering and Sustainable Technologies, Deanship Engineering, Universidad Popular Aut\u00f3noma del Estado de Puebla (UPAEP), Sur 21, 1103 Barrio de Santiago, Puebla 72410, Mexico"},{"name":"Puebla State Council for Science and Technology (CONCyTEP), Boulevard Atlixc\u00e1yotl 1101, Reserva Territorial Atlixc\u00e1yotl, Concepci\u00f3n las Lajas, Centro Integral de Servicios (CIS), Puebla 72190, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3877-1244","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis Ricardo","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Biological Sciences, Universidad de las Am\u00e9ricas Puebla, Ex Hacienda Santa Catarina M\u00e1rtir S\/N, San Andr\u00e9s Cholula, Puebla 72810, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6741-8490","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zaida Nelly","family":"Ju\u00e1rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Puebla State Council for Science and Technology (CONCyTEP), Boulevard Atlixc\u00e1yotl 1101, Reserva Territorial Atlixc\u00e1yotl, Concepci\u00f3n las Lajas, Centro Integral de Servicios (CIS), Puebla 72190, Mexico"},{"name":"Area of Chemistry, Department of Sciences, Universidad Popular Aut\u00f3noma del Estado de Puebla (UPAEP), Sur 21, 1103 Barrio de Santiago, Puebla 72410, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2025). 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