{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T05:17:47Z","timestamp":1788153467086,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787875200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior (CAPES), Brazil","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}]},{"award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00x0ma614","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"the National Institute of Science and Technology in 3D Printing and Advanced Materials Applied to Human and Veterinary Health"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico (CNPq), Brazil","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["406436\/2022-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["406436\/2022-3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["406436\/2022-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["406436\/2022-3"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03swz6y49","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development","award":["309541\/2026-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["309541\/2026-3"]}]},{"award":["309541\/2026-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["309541\/2026-3"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03swz6y49","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation is a major contributor to skin damage, making the regular use of broad-spectrum sunscreens essential for effective photoprotection. However, the long-term efficacy of sunscreen formulations is limited by the photoinstability of some organic UV filters, particularly avobenzone. Licuri oil (Syagrus coronata) is a naturally derived Brazilian palm oil that represents a promising alternative to medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) as an oily core for polymeric nanocapsules. Therefore, this study aimed to develop Eudragit\u00ae RS 100-based cationic nanocapsules using licuri oil for avobenzone encapsulation and to incorporate them into hyaluronic acid (HA) or xanthan gum (XG) hydrogels. The nanocapsules ranged from 125 to 158 nm, with a polydispersity index (PDI) of less than 0.2, positive zeta potential (+11 to +13 mV), and encapsulation efficiency above 98%. After 48 h of UVA exposure, the nanocapsule formulations retained 51% and 52% of their initial avobenzone content for the licuri oil- and MCT-based systems, respectively, compared with only 10% for free avobenzone, indicating a marked improvement in photostability following nanoencapsulation. Additionally, licuri oil nanocapsules exhibited increased antioxidant activity compared to MCT-based nanocapsules in both DPPH and ABTS assays. The nanocapsule suspensions were classified as non- to slightly irritating in the Hen\u2019s Egg Test\u2013Chorioallantoic Membrane (HET-CAM) assay. After incorporation into the hydrogels, the resulting formulations exhibited pseudoplastic and thixotropic behavior, with HA-based hydrogels providing higher UV absorption than XG-based hydrogels. Furthermore, no transdermal permeation of avobenzone was observed from either the HA- or XG-based hydrogel formulations, and the HA hydrogel containing licuri oil nanocapsules showed higher stratum corneum retention. These findings demonstrate the potential of licuri oil as an effective alternative to MCTs as the oily core of polymeric nanocapsules for topical formulations containing encapsulated avobenzone.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules31173022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T04:24:03Z","timestamp":1788150243000},"page":"3022","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Licuri Oil (Syagrus coronata) as a Natural Oily Core for Cationic Polymeric Nanocapsules for Topical Formulation: Development, Characterization, and Incorporation into Hydrogels"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-2903-1678","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniela Lana","family":"Tommasi Schmitt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias Farmac\u00eauticas, Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90610-000, Brazil"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Nanocarreadores e Impress\u00e3o 3D em Tecnologia Farmac\u00eautica (Nano3D), Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90610-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Scheila Lopes dos","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias Farmac\u00eauticas, Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90610-000, Brazil"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Nanocarreadores e Impress\u00e3o 3D em Tecnologia Farmac\u00eautica (Nano3D), Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90610-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-0326-6857","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariana Brunetto","family":"B\u00fcttenbender","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90610-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7765-9397","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joice Maria","family":"Scheibel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Biomateriais Polim\u00e9ricos (Poli-Bio), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91501-970, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7169-5124","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberta Cougo","family":"Ri\u00e9ffel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias Farmac\u00eauticas, Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90610-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8607-7612","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irene Clemes Kulkamp","family":"Guerreiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias Farmac\u00eauticas, Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90610-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5225-7559","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosane Michele Duarte","family":"Soares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Biomateriais Polim\u00e9ricos (Poli-Bio), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91501-970, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Alexandre Jos\u00e9","family":"Macedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Biofilmes e Diversidade Microbiana, Centro de Biotecnologia e Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91501-970, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Helder Ferreira","family":"Teixeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias Farmac\u00eauticas, Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90610-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2221-5059","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00e1rcia Vanusa","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Bioqu\u00edmica, Centro de Bioci\u00eancias, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Cidade Universit\u00e1ria, Recife 50670-901, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4920-9975","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Tereza dos Santos","family":"Correia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Bioqu\u00edmica, Centro de Bioci\u00eancias, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Cidade Universit\u00e1ria, Recife 50670-901, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Karina","family":"Paese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias Farmac\u00eauticas, Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90610-000, Brazil"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Nanocarreadores e Impress\u00e3o 3D em Tecnologia Farmac\u00eautica (Nano3D), Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90610-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111431","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2020.111431","article-title":"UVB Photoprotective Capacity of Hydrogels Containing Dihydromyricetin Nanocapsules to UV-Induced DNA 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