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However, its poor water solubility necessitates formulation as an emulsion, which may cause injection site pain during administration and potentially lead to allergic reactions and lipid metabolism disorders. In light of this, pharmacologists aim to optimize propofol through structural modification, seeking to develop a systemic intravenous anesthetic that mitigates or improves these side effects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules31173066","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T01:05:26Z","timestamp":1788224726000},"page":"3066","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Breaking the Limitations of \u2018Milk\u2019: Research Progress on New Derivatives of Propofol"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Ling","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiajia","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6962-2233","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Hao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1350","DOI":"10.1021\/jm00186a013","article-title":"Synthesis, biological evaluation, and preliminary structure-activity considerations of a series of alkylphenols as intravenous anesthetic agents","volume":"23","author":"James","year":"1980","journal-title":"J. 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