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This study developed a low-dimensional X\u2013\u03c1\u2013A allocation model for jointly describing and predicting dry biomass (X), protein (P), and lipid (L) dynamics. The model was parameterized and evaluated using mixotrophic Tris\u2013acetate\u2013phosphate (TAP) batch cultures of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii strain CC-400. The model uses two composition-derived indices: \u03c1, the fraction of dry biomass represented by the measured protein\u2013lipid module, and A, the lipid fraction within this module. Model comparison favored a formulation in which \u03c1 was constant over time within each condition. The light-response model was calibrated at 30, 100, and 300 \u03bcE m\u22122 s\u22121 and evaluated against an independently generated 500 \u03bcE m\u22122 s\u22121 dataset from the same experimental system to assess predictive performance beyond the calibration range. Validation R2 values were 0.9374, 0.9616, and 0.9321 for dry biomass, protein, and lipid, respectively. Under nitrogen starvation, biomass and protein accumulation were suppressed, whereas A increased, indicating lipid enrichment within the measured protein\u2013lipid module. Within this experimental system, the model provides an interpretable framework for predicting light-dependent biomass, protein, and lipid dynamics and distinguishing biomass-driven increases in component concentrations from shifts in protein\u2013lipid allocation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules31173080","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T15:08:43Z","timestamp":1788275323000},"page":"3080","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Low-Dimensional X\u2013\u03c1\u2013A Allocation Model for Predicting Light-Dependent Biomass, Protein, and Lipid Dynamics in TAP Batch Cultures of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii CC-400"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Lanbo","family":"Yi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanics and Engineering Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Dangkun","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yantai Key Laboratory of Characteristic Agricultural Bioresource Conservation & Germplasm Innovative Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264006, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Bingyan","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518071, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5403-8253","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chunxiu","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518071, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yantai Key Laboratory of Characteristic Agricultural Bioresource Conservation & Germplasm Innovative Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264006, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1007\/s11101-021-09784-y","article-title":"Production of Microalgae with High Lipid Content and Their Potential as Sources of Nutraceuticals","volume":"22","author":"Udayan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Phytochem. 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