{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T12:08:58Z","timestamp":1788869338178,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":133,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788825600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21905244"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21905244"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["21905244"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21905244"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Jiangsu Ancan Technology Co., Ltd. Industry-University-Research Project Support","award":["YG2023031510"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YG2023031510"]}]},{"name":"Jiangsu Ancan Technology Co., Ltd. Industry-University-Research Project Support","award":["YG20250328004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YG20250328004"]}]},{"name":"School-level Research Projects of Yancheng Institute of Technology","award":["xjr2019011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["xjr2019011"]}]},{"award":["xjr2019011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["xjr2019011"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04y8njc86","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Na4Fe3(PO4)2P2O7 (NFPP), an iron-based mixed phosphate\u2013pyrophosphate cathode material, has emerged as one of the most commercially promising candidates for large-scale sodium-ion battery (SIB) energy storage applications. Its exceptional characteristics\u2014an ultralow volume change of less than 4% during Na+ de\/intercalation, a three-dimensional open framework enabling rapid ionic diffusion, and the use of earth-abundant, low-cost iron as the redox center\u2014collectively deliver a unique combination of structural stability, rate capability, and economic viability. However, the fundamental challenge of phase-purity control, arising from the three-phase thermodynamic competition among NFPP, electrochemically inert maricite-NaFePO4, and Na2FeP2O7 during synthesis, critically limits its electrochemical performance. This review provides a systematic overview of NFPP research progress from 2012 to 2026, covering crystal structure and sodium storage mechanisms, synthesis methodologies, and\u2014most critically\u2014Phase Adjustment and modification strategies including non-stoichiometric regulation, defect engineering, elemental doping, anionic substitution, and heterostructure design. Mechanistic insights into how each strategy addresses the phase-purity challenge and enhances electrochemical kinetics are critically examined. Industrialization progress, full-cell performance evaluation, cost analysis, and future research directions toward practical deployment are also discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules31183153","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T11:23:51Z","timestamp":1788866631000},"page":"3153","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Comprehensive Review of Na4Fe3(PO4)2P2O7 Cathode Materials for Sodium-Ion Batteries: From Crystal Structure and Phase Purification to Modification Strategies Progress"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2123-7408","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yong-Gang","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiang-Yu","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin-Yi","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi-Han","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-1545-0699","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Li","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bei-Bei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng-Cai","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Song","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.1038\/s41560-023-01301-z","article-title":"Identifying the Intrinsic Anti-Site Defect in Manganese-Rich NASICON-Type Cathodes","volume":"8","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. 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