{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T05:08:02Z","timestamp":1789189682315,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":156,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788998400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["52474035"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52474035"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["52474035"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52474035"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"CNPC Innovation Fund","award":["2024DQ02-0114"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024DQ02-0114"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003787","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["E2025107002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E2025107002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003787","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>With the continuous decline in easily recoverable reserves of conventional oil and gas, the focus of oil and gas exploration and development has gradually shifted toward complex reservoirs, such as low-permeability, tight, high-temperature and high-pressure (HTHP), and strongly heterogeneous reservoirs. Such reservoirs are characterized by complex pore\u2013throat structures, poor seepage capacity, extreme temperature and pressure conditions, and strong heterogeneity. Traditional acidizing technologies face multiple challenges, including short effective penetration distances, system instability at high temperatures, uneven stimulation, and a tendency to induce secondary formation damage, making it difficult to meet the requirements for highly efficient reservoir stimulation. This paper systematically analyzes the petrophysical properties and acidizing challenges of four typical types of complex reservoirs. It reviews the reaction mechanisms, research and development progress, and reservoir adaptability principles of six acid systems, and elaborates on the application value of molecular simulation technology in acid\u2013rock reaction analysis, formulation optimization, and injection regulation. The review indicates that, under extreme operating conditions, existing technologies still suffer from inadequate system stability, limited deep mass transfer, and environmental concerns. Future research should deepen the understanding of multi-scale acid\u2013rock reaction mechanisms, develop composite acid systems tolerant to extreme conditions, and drive the development of acidizing technologies toward refinement and intelligentization.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules31183184","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T10:27:21Z","timestamp":1789036041000},"page":"3184","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Research Progress on Acidizing Techniques for Complex-Type Reservoirs"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5769-4670","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yujie","family":"Bai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Enhanced Oil and Gas Recovery of Ministry of Education, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing 163318, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-2877-8408","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yifei","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Enhanced Oil and Gas Recovery of Ministry of Education, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing 163318, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Production Operation Department, Xinjiang Oilfield Company, PetroChina, Karamay 834000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingxing","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Enhanced Oil and Gas Recovery of Ministry of Education, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing 163318, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiashu","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Enhanced Oil and Gas Recovery of Ministry of Education, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing 163318, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingfang","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics, College of Sciences, Northeastern University (Nanhu Campus), Shenyang 110819, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guangsheng","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Enhanced Oil and Gas Recovery of Ministry of Education, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing 163318, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gen","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Enhanced Oil and Gas Recovery of Ministry of Education, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing 163318, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"146","article-title":"Technical progress and development suggestions for integrated development of depleted oil and gas reservoirs and new energy","volume":"52","author":"Yan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pet. 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