{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T12:12:37Z","timestamp":1789042357817,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":133,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788998400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Science and Technology Development Project of Jilin Province","award":["20220101269JC"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20220101269JC"]}]},{"name":"Haixi Prefecture Science and Technology Programme Projects","award":["2024-YZ-Q07"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024-YZ-Q07"]}]},{"name":"Xianyang City Major Scientific and Technological Achievements Transformation Special Programme","award":["L2024-ZDKJZDCGZH-0001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["L2024-ZDKJZDCGZH-0001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Mollusk-derived peptides are an expanding class of marine bioactive molecules that link food-protein utilization with pharmaceutical peptide discovery. They are derived from taxonomically and biologically diverse sources such as edible gastropods, bivalves, cephalopods and highly modified conopeptides from cone snails. However, there is a lack of integrated understanding of sources, structures and functions of these peptides and their potential applications in food science, pharmacology, and venom research. In this review, the current knowledge related to mollusk-derived peptides from a food\u2013pharma perspective is summarized, including taxonomic sources, tissue substrates, enzymatic hydrolysis, purification, sequence identification, reported bioactivities and structure\u2013function relationships. The peptides derived from food are primarily short linear peptides from muscle, mantle, viscera, collagen, gelatin and processing by-products. These peptides have mainly been investigated for antioxidant, Angiotensin-I-converting enzyme inhibitory, anti-inflammatory, mineral-binding, gut-health, and metabolic activities. However, the biological functions of endogenous peptides and peptides from cone snails are often associated with cysteine-rich scaffolds and disulfide connectivity and post-translational modifications that confer antimicrobial activity, neuromodulation, and receptor selectivity. For these systems, the activity depends not on any single parameter but on the peptide length, amino acid sequence, charge distribution, hydrophobicity, amphipathicity, secondary structure and chemical modifications. Further progress requires improved sequence-level validation, mechanism-driven bioassays, in vivo and clinical evidence, safety assessment, and feasible purification and delivery strategies for mollusk peptides into functional foods, nutraceuticals and peptide-based therapeutics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules31183186","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T11:38:39Z","timestamp":1789040319000},"page":"3186","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Mollusk-Derived Peptides at the Food-Pharma Interface: Bioactivities, Preclinical Evidence, and Development Prospects"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Imran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-4073-4451","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yunyan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Asif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Azam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China"},{"name":"National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kainat","family":"Aleem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenyan","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-5026-2440","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad","family":"Adil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6299-6742","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yanglei","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chi, C.-F., and Wang, B. (2023). Marine Bioactive Peptides\u2014Structure, Function and Application. Mar. Drugs, 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/books978-3-0365-8261-0"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, B., and Chi, C.-F. (2025). Marine Bioactive Peptides\u2014Structure, Function, and Application 2.0. Mar. Drugs, 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/md23050192"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gunasekara, D.M.N.M., Wijerathne, H.D.T.U., Wang, L., Kim, H.-S., and Sanjeewa, K.K.A. (2025). Marine Bioactive Peptides in the Regulation of Inflammatory Responses: Current Trends and Future Directions. Proteomes, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/proteomes13040053"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109637","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2020.109637","article-title":"High-value compounds from the molluscs of marine and estuarine ecosystems as prospective functional food ingredients: An overview","volume":"137","author":"Chakraborty","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2026.107252","article-title":"A comprehensive review of shellfish peptides: Extraction, characterization, biological activity, and commercial potential","volume":"140","author":"Guo","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Funct. Foods"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bj\u00f8rn-Yoshimoto, W.E., Ramiro, I.B.L., Yandell, M., McIntosh, J.M., Olivera, B.M., Ellgaard, L., and Safavi-Hemami, H. (2020). Curses or Cures: A Review of the Numerous Benefits Versus the Biosecurity Concerns of Conotoxin Research. Biomedicines, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines8080235"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nguyen, L.T.T., Craik, D.J., and Kaas, Q. (2023). Bibliometric Review of the Literature on Cone Snail Peptide Toxins from 2000 to 2022. Mar. Drugs, 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/md21030154"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2010.12.003","article-title":"Cyclization of conotoxins to improve their biopharmaceutical properties","volume":"59","author":"Clark","year":"2012","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1124\/pharmrev.123.000923","article-title":"Conotoxins Targeting Voltage-Gated Sodium Ion Channels","volume":"76","author":"Pei","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"85","article-title":"Molluscan antimicrobial peptides, a review from activity-based evidences to computer-assisted sequences","volume":"8","author":"Li","year":"2011","journal-title":"Invertebr. Surviv. J."},{"key":"ref_11","unstructured":"R\u00e1dis-Baptista, G. (2022). Marine-Based Bioactive Compounds: Applications in Nutraceuticals, CRC Press."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70028","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.70028","article-title":"Screening and Antioxidant Activities Evaluation of Peptides from Abalone (Haliotis discus hannai Ino)","volume":"13","author":"Wu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.3058","article-title":"Isolation and characterization of antioxidant peptides from oyster (Crassostrea rivularis) protein enzymatic hydrolysates","volume":"11","author":"Huang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3067","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-005-5283-0","article-title":"Conotoxins and the posttranslational modification of secreted gene products","volume":"62","author":"Buczek","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci. CMLS"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.111.005322","article-title":"Conus Venom Peptide Pharmacology","volume":"64","author":"Lewis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yu, F., Zhang, Z., Luo, L., Zhu, J., Huang, F., Yang, Z., Tang, Y., and Ding, G. (2018). Identification and Molecular Docking Study of a Novel Angiotensin-I Converting Enzyme Inhibitory Peptide Derived from Enzymatic Hydrolysates of Cyclina sinensis. Mar. Drugs, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/md16110411"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2010.08.058","article-title":"Contribution of Leu and Hyp residues to antioxidant and ACE-inhibitory activities of peptide sequences isolated from squid gelatin hydrolysate","volume":"125","author":"Montero","year":"2011","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.7145","article-title":"Incorporation of liposomes containing squid tunic ACE-inhibitory peptides into fish gelatin","volume":"96","author":"Mosquera","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Sci. Food Agric."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, M., Liang, Q., Zhang, Y., Jiang, X., Gu, Y., Song, X., Wang, X., and Shi, W. (2025). Screening of Potential Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme-Inhibitory Peptides in Squid (Todarodes pacificus) Skin Hydrolysates: Preliminary Study of Its Mechanism of Inhibition. Mar. Drugs, 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/md23020081"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7692","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00591-16","article-title":"Antiviral Activity of Myticin C Peptide from Mussel: An Ancient Defense against Herpesviruses","volume":"90","author":"Novoa","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1007\/s00438-016-1278-9","article-title":"Transcriptome analysis of the freshwater pearl mussel (Cristaria plicata) mantle unravels genes involved in the formation of shell and pearl","volume":"292","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Genet. Genom."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1806","DOI":"10.1111\/brv.13093","article-title":"The language of light: A review of bioluminescence in deep-sea decapod shrimps","volume":"99","author":"Collins","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Buschbeck, E., and Bok, M. (2023). Distributed Visual Systems in Pteriomorphian Bivalves. Distributed Vision: From Simple Sensors to Sophisticated Combination Eyes, Springer International Publishing.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-23216-9"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4877","DOI":"10.1007\/s13197-018-3422-5","article-title":"Nutritional composition and total collagen content of two commercially important edible bivalve molluscs from the Sea of Japan coast","volume":"55","author":"Tabakaeva","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1007\/s13131-016-0878-x","article-title":"The study of the adductor muscle-shell interface structure in three Mollusc species","volume":"35","author":"Zhu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Oceanol. Sin."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.2983\/035.042.0309","article-title":"Nutrient Compositions of Adductor Muscle from the Pearl Oysters Pinctada maxima and Pinctada margaritifera","volume":"42","author":"Southgate","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Shellfish Res."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1007\/s13205-017-0840-4","article-title":"Proximate composition and nutritional evaluation of the adductor muscle of pen shell","volume":"7","author":"Wu","year":"2017","journal-title":"3 Biotech"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nikishchenko, V., Kolotukhina, N., and Dyachuk, V. (2023). Comparative Neuroanatomy of Pediveliger Larvae of Various Bivalves from the Sea of Japan. Biology, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/biology12101341"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1007\/s12210-016-0551-5","article-title":"Bioaccumulation of heavy metals and analysis of mineral element alongside proximate composition in foot, gills and mantle of freshwater mussels (Anodonta anatina)","volume":"27","author":"Sohail","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rendiconti Lincei"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liyanage, N.M., Yiqiao, L., Sanjeewa, K.K.A., Ko, K.Y., Nagahawatta, D.P., and Jeon, Y.-J. (2026). Shellfish as a Source of Bioactive Compounds and Extracts: A Comprehensive Review of Their Anticancer and Antimicrobial Properties. Mar. Drugs, 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/md24020074"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2017.03.003","article-title":"Strategies for the discovery and identification of food protein-derived biologically active peptides","volume":"69","author":"Nongonierma","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trends Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ulagesan, S., Krishnan, S., Nam, T.-J., and Choi, Y.-H. (2022). A Review of Bioactive Compounds in Oyster Shell and Tissues. Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2022.913839"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2019.02.033","article-title":"Alcalase-hydrolyzed oyster (Crassostrea rivularis) meat enhances antioxidant and aphrodisiac activities in normal male mice","volume":"120","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1371","DOI":"10.1111\/1750-3841.14625","article-title":"Enzyme-Assisted Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from Raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) Pomace","volume":"84","author":"Saad","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Food Sci."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Han, L., Dong, N., Yang, J., and Hu, B. (2025). Dual Perspectives on Peptide\u2013Zinc Complexation: Highlighting Aquatic Sources While Contextualizing Other Natural Origins. Biomolecules, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom15091311"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, X., Peng, Z., Zheng, H., Zhang, C., Lin, H., and Qin, X. (2021). The Potential Protective Effect and Possible Mechanism of Peptides from Oyster (Crassostrea hongkongensis) Hydrolysate on Triptolide-Induced Testis Injury in Male Mice. Mar. Drugs, 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/md19100566"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1007\/s00210-017-1365-4","article-title":"Dalbergioidin (DAL) protects MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells against H2O2-induced cell damage through activation of the PI3K\/AKT\/SMAD1 pathway","volume":"390","author":"Jin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Naunyn-Schmiedeberg\u2019s Arch. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105623","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2026.105623","article-title":"A review for bioactive peptides from oyster: Functional properties, structure-function relationships and challenges","volume":"170","author":"Zheng","year":"2026","journal-title":"Trends Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Echave, J., Fraga-Corral, M., Garcia-Perez, P., Popovi\u0107-Djordjevi\u0107, J., Avdovi\u0107, E.H., Radulovi\u0107, M., Xiao, J., Prieto, M.A., and Simal-Gandara, J. (2021). Seaweed Protein Hydrolysates and Bioactive Peptides: Extraction, Purification, and Applications. Mar. Drugs, 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/md19090500"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cunha, S.A., de Castro, R., Coscueta, E.R., and Pintado, M. (2021). Hydrolysate from Mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis Meat: Enzymatic Hydrolysis, Optimization and Bioactive Properties. Molecules, 26.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26175228"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jayaprakash, R., and Perera, C.O. (2020). Partial Purification and Characterization of Bioactive Peptides from Cooked New Zealand Green-Lipped Mussel (Perna canaliculus) Protein Hydrolyzates. Foods, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods9070879"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1007\/s10989-016-9521-0","article-title":"Sequence determination of an antioxidant peptide obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis of oyster Crassostrea madrasensis (Preston)","volume":"22","author":"Asha","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Pept. Res. Ther."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1039\/C8RA08137A","article-title":"Preparation, structure identification and the anti-photoaging activity of peptide fraction OP-Ia from Ostrea rivularis","volume":"9","author":"Ye","year":"2018","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1218","DOI":"10.1111\/ijfs.15504","article-title":"Fractionation and purification of antioxidant peptides from abalone viscera by a combination of Sephadex G-15 and Toyopearl HW-40F chromatography","volume":"57","author":"Hu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rodriguez, A., Martell-Huguet, E.M., Gonz\u00e1lez-Garc\u00eda, M., Alp\u00edzar-Pedraza, D., Alba, A., Vazquez, A.A., Grieshober, M., Spellerberg, B., Stenger, S., and M\u00fcnch, J. (2023). Identification and Characterization of Three New Antimicrobial Peptides from the Marine Mollusk Nerita versicolor (Gmelin, 1791). Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24043852"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Qiao, K., Liu, L., Chen, Y., Huang, Q., Chen, B., Wu, J., Huang, W., and Liu, Z. (2024). Virtual screening and evaluation of bioactive peptides from Haliotis discus hannai as potential HMGCR inhibitors for hyperlipidemia treatment. Front. Nutr., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2024.1525768"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gong, F., Chen, M.-F., Zhang, Y.-Y., Li, C.-Y., Zhou, C.-X., Hong, P.-Z., Sun, S.-L., and Qian, Z.-J. (2019). A Novel Peptide from Abalone (Haliotis discus hannai) to Suppress Metastasis and Vasculogenic Mimicry of Tumor Cells and Enhance Anti-Tumor Effect In Vitro. Mar. Drugs, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/md17040244"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Neves, J.L.B., Urcino, C., Chase, K., Dowell, C., Hone, A.J., Morgenstern, D., Chua, V.M., Ramiro, I.B.L., Imperial, J.S., and Leavitt, L.S. (2024). Using Constellation Pharmacology to Characterize a Novel \u03b1-Conotoxin from Conus ateralbus. Mar. Drugs, 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/md22030118"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e31105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e31105","article-title":"A comprehensive review on ziconotide","volume":"10","author":"Lin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Walquist, M.J., Eilertsen, K.-E., Elvevoll, E.O., and Jensen, I.-J. (2024). Marine-Derived Peptides with Anti-Hypertensive Properties: Prospects for Pharmaceuticals, Supplements, and Functional Food. Mar. Drugs, 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/md22040140"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shahidi, F., and Saeid, A. (2025). Bioactivity of Marine-Derived Peptides and Proteins: A Review. Mar. Drugs, 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/md23040157"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7831","DOI":"10.1039\/D2FO00275B","article-title":"Seventeen novel angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptides from the protein hydrolysate of Mytilus edulis: Isolation, identification, molecular docking study, and protective function on HUVECs","volume":"13","author":"Suo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70140","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.70140","article-title":"Peptides from Animal and Fishery Byproducts: Uplifting the Functionality of Fifth Quarter","volume":"13","author":"Verma","year":"2025","journal-title":"Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.2174\/0929866527666200224111832","article-title":"EGLLGDVF: A novel peptide from green mussel Perna viridis foot exerts stability and anti-inflammatory effects on LPS-stimulated RAW264. 7 cells","volume":"27","author":"Joshi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Protein Pept. Lett."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lin, H., Wang, W., Du, L., Gao, J., Cao, W., Zheng, H., Chen, Z., Qin, X., and Liang, Y. (2025). Computational screening for novel \u03b1-glucosidase inhibitory peptides from Chlamys nobilis adductor muscle as a potential antidiabetic agent. Front. Nutr., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2025.1566107"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, H., Chen, Y., Zheng, H., Xiang, X., and Xu, L. (2022). A novel angiotensin-I-converting enzyme inhibitory peptide from oyster: Simulated gastro-intestinal digestion, molecular docking, inhibition kinetics and antihypertensive effects in rats. Front. Nutr., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2022.981163"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nikapitiya, C., Dananjaya, S.H.S., Chandrarathna, H.P.S.U., De Zoysa, M., and Whang, I. (2020). Octominin: A Novel Synthetic Anticandidal Peptide Derived from Defense Protein of Octopus minor. Mar. Drugs, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/md18010056"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4049","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.3000","article-title":"Octopus-derived antioxidant peptide protects against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress in IEC-6 cells","volume":"10","author":"Peng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bougatef, H., Sila, A., Bougatef, A., and Mart\u00ednez-Alvarez, O. (2024). Protein Hydrolysis as a Way to Valorise Squid-Processing Byproducts: Obtaining and Identification of ACE, DPP-IV and PEP Inhibitory Peptides. Mar. Drugs, 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/md22040156"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1829","DOI":"10.1007\/s00217-017-2886-2","article-title":"Purification and identification of a novel ACE inhibitory peptide from marine alga Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis protein hydrolysate","volume":"243","author":"Cao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. Food Res. Technol."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1007\/s11130-024-01191-w","article-title":"Identification and Molecular Docking Analysis of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors from Finger Millet (Eleusine coracana)","volume":"79","author":"Han","year":"2024","journal-title":"Plant Foods Hum. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4411","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.0c00925","article-title":"Mechanism Analysis of a Novel Angiotensin-I-Converting Enzyme Inhibitory Peptide from Isochrysis zhanjiangensis Microalgae for Suppressing Vascular Injury in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells","volume":"68","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2016.02.025","article-title":"Evidence for an antihypertensive effect of a land snail (Helix aspersa) by-product hydrolysate\u2014Identification of involved peptides","volume":"22","author":"Cudennec","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Funct. Foods"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.12968\/jowc.2024.0186","article-title":"Criteria for identifying wound infection","volume":"33","author":"Cutting","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Wound Care"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ngandjui, Y.A.T., Kereeditse, T.T., Kamika, I., Madikizela, L.M., and Msagati, T.A.M. (2024). Nutraceutical and Medicinal Importance of Marine Molluscs. Mar. Drugs, 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/md22050201"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2016.11.082","article-title":"Purification and characterization of an antibacterial and anti-inflammatory polypeptide from Arca subcrenata","volume":"96","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4242","DOI":"10.1039\/D2FO04046H","article-title":"Purification and activity evaluation of novel anti-inflammatory peptides from pearl oyster (Pinctada martensii) hydrolysates","volume":"14","author":"Shen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2585","DOI":"10.1007\/s10811-019-1746-9","article-title":"Preparation and identification of antioxidant peptides from protein hydrolysate of marine alga Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis","volume":"31","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phycol."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2016.06.008","article-title":"Preparation and identification of antioxidant peptides from protein hydrolysate of skate (Raja porosa) cartilage","volume":"25","author":"Pan","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Funct. Foods"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marenvres.2021.105383","article-title":"Antioxidant activity of Far Eastern bivalves in their natural habitat","volume":"169","author":"Istomina","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mar. Environ. Res."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.62347\/TUVQ7468","article-title":"Marine bioactive peptides with anticancer potential, a narrative review","volume":"15","author":"Rafieezadeh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Biochem. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34283","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-20094-7","article-title":"Novel peptides from the edible bivalve Ruditapes decussatus target apoptosis, autophagy, and FGF19-FGFR4 signaling in human cancer cell lines","volume":"15","author":"Hussein","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2025.02.005","article-title":"A dual absorption pathway of novel oyster-derived peptide-zinc complex enhances zinc bioavailability and restores mitochondrial function","volume":"78","author":"Yang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Adv. Res."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu, Z., Han, S., Chen, H., Zhu, Z., Han, L., Dong, X., Du, M., and Li, T. (2022). Characterization of Chelation and Absorption of Calcium by a Mytilus edulis Derived Osteogenic Peptide. Front. Nutr., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2022.840638"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121390","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2022.121390","article-title":"Application of a Mytilus edulis-derived promoting calcium absorption peptide in calcium phosphate cements for bone","volume":"282","author":"Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhou, Q., Wang, T., Liu, L., Kong, Y., Liu, Y., Wu, W., and Diao, X. (2025). Special Characterization and Excellent Antioxidant Capabilities of Zinc Chelated Squid Protein Nanoparticles. Foods, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods14101789"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zeng, J., Bai, X., Zhang, Y., Le, Q., Wu, J., and Chen, H. (2025). Preparation of Calcium-Chelating Peptides from Squid Skin and Evaluation of Calcium Absorption Capacity in Caco-2 Cell Monolayer Model. Foods, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods14091594"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2012.08.007","article-title":"Ferritin H-like subunit from Manila clam (Ruditapes philippinarum): Molecular insights as a potent player in host antibacterial defense","volume":"33","author":"Kim","year":"2012","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8659","DOI":"10.1039\/D0FO01713B","article-title":"Anti-fatigue property of the oyster polypeptide fraction and its effect on gut microbiota in mice","volume":"11","author":"Xiao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gomez, H.L.R., Peralta, J.P., Tejano, L.A., and Chang, Y.-W. (2019). In Silico and In Vitro Assessment of Portuguese Oyster (Crassostrea angulata) Proteins as Precursor of Bioactive Peptides. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20205191"},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, Z., Su, X., Cao, W., Tan, M., Zhu, G., Gao, J., and Zhou, L. (2024). The Discovery and Characterization of a Potent DPP-IV Inhibitory Peptide from Oysters for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Based on Computational and Experimental Studies. Mar. Drugs, 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/md22080361"},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, R., Zhou, L., Zhang, Y., Sheng, N.-J., Wang, Z.-K., Wu, T.-Z., Wang, X.-Z., and Wu, H. (2017). Rapid Identification of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) Inhibitory Peptides from Ruditapes philippinarum Hydrolysate. Molecules, 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules22101714"},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2021.111265","article-title":"Angiotensin I-Converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory and dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (DPP-IV) inhibitory activity of umami peptides from Ruditapes philippinarum","volume":"144","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"LWT"},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1913","DOI":"10.1007\/s10989-021-10220-0","article-title":"Anti-adipogenic Effects of \u03b1AL14 Mediated by Modulation of PI3K\/Akt Pathways in 3T3-L1 Cells","volume":"27","author":"Jo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Pept. Res. Ther."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xiang, X.-W., Zheng, H.-Z., Wang, R., Chen, H., Xiao, J.-X., Zheng, B., Liu, S.-L., and Ding, Y.-T. (2021). Ameliorative Effects of Peptides Derived from Oyster (Crassostrea gigas) on Immunomodulatory Function and Gut Microbiota Structure in Cyclophosphamide-Treated Mice. Mar. Drugs, 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/md19080456"},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, H., Zheng, H., Li, T., Jiang, Q., Liu, S., Zhou, X., Ding, Y., and Xiang, X. (2022). Protective Effect of Oyster Peptides Derived from Crassostrea gigas on Intestinal Oxidative Damage Induced by Cyclophosphamide in Mice Mediated Through Nrf2-Keap1 Signaling Pathway. Front. Nutr., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2022.888960"},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guo, H., Xie, W., Ji, Z., Wang, B., Ren, W., Gao, W., and Yuan, B. (2024). Oyster Peptides Ameliorate Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Ulcerative Colitis via Modulating the Gut Microbiota and Inhibiting the TLR4\/NF-\u03baB Pathway. Nutrients, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16111591"},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103408","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2019.06.010","article-title":"Immunoenhancement effects of pentadecapeptide derived from Cyclina sinensis on immune-deficient mice induced by Cyclophosphamide","volume":"60","author":"Yu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Funct. Foods"},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao, R., Jiang, X.-X., Zhao, Q.-L., Ye, H.-W., Lin, Y., Huang, J., and Tang, Y.-P. (2022). Immunoenhancing Effects of Cyclina sinensis Pentadecapeptide through Modulation of Signaling Pathways in Mice with Cyclophosphamide-Induced Immunosuppression. Mar. Drugs, 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/md20090560"},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103874","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fbio.2024.103874","article-title":"Immunomodulatory peptides from thick-shelled mussel (Mytilus coruscus): Isolation, identification, molecular docking and immunomodulatory effects on RAW264.7 cells","volume":"59","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Biosci."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, B., Liu, L., Li, C., Guo, T., Li, C., Tian, M., and Fang, T. (2025). The Alleviating Effect of Abalone Viscera Collagen Peptide in DSS-Induced Colitis Mice: Effect on Inflammatory Cytokines, Oxidative Stress, and Gut Microbiota. Nutrients, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17111926"},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5815","DOI":"10.1021\/cr400401e","article-title":"Discovery, Synthesis, and Structure\u2013Activity Relationships of Conotoxins","volume":"114","author":"Akondi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu, B., Dong, Q., Yu, C., Chen, H., Zhao, Y., Zhang, B., Yu, P., and Chen, M. (2024). Advances in Research on the Activity Evaluation, Mechanism and Structure-Activity Relationships of Natural Antioxidant Peptides. Antioxidants, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox13040479"},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1292","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1993.1964","article-title":"Role of Basic Residues for the Binding of \u03c9-Conotoxin GVIA to N-Type Calcium Channels","volume":"194","author":"Sato","year":"1993","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11572","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.2c04755","article-title":"Mechanistic insights into angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitory tripeptides to decipher the chemical basis of their activity","volume":"70","author":"Lammi","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2376","DOI":"10.1002\/fft2.70076","article-title":"Improving Activity of ACE Inhibitory Peptide by Sequence-Based Rational Design: Properties, Function on Endothelial Cells, and Potential Antihypertensive Mechanism","volume":"6","author":"Liang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Food Front."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cadar, E., Pesterau, A.-M., Prasacu, I., Ionescu, A.-M., Pascale, C., Dragan, A.-M.L., Sirbu, R., and Tomescu, C.L. (2024). Marine Antioxidants from Marine Collagen and Collagen Peptides with Nutraceuticals Applications: A Review. Antioxidants, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox13080919"},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Magalh\u00e3es, R., Mil-Homens, D., Cruz, S., and Oliveira, M. (2025). Marine Antimicrobial Peptides: Emerging Strategies Against Multidrug-Resistant and Biofilm-Forming Bacteria. Antibiotics, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics14080808"},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu, R., Patocka, J., Nepovimova, E., Oleksak, P., Valis, M., Wu, W., and Kuca, K. (2021). Marine Invertebrate Peptides: Antimicrobial Peptides. Front. Microbiol., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.785085"},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ma, Y., Cao, Q., Yang, M., Gao, Y., Fu, S., Du, W., Adams, D.J., Jiang, T., Tae, H.-S., and Yu, R. (2022). Single-Disulfide Conopeptide Czon1107, an Allosteric Antagonist of the Human \u03b13\u03b24 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor. Mar. Drugs, 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/md20080497"},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170525","DOI":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2021.170525","article-title":"Post-translationally modified conopeptides: Biological activities and pharmacological applications","volume":"139","author":"Jimenez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Peptides"},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, Y., Zhao, Z., Song, Y., Yin, Y., Wu, F., and Jiang, H. (2023). Usage of Cell-Free Protein Synthesis in Post-Translational Modification of \u03bc-Conopeptide PIIIA. Mar. Drugs, 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/md21080421"},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114638","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2021.114638","article-title":"Globular and ribbon isomers of Conus geographus \u03b1-conotoxins antagonize human nicotinic acetylcholine receptors","volume":"190","author":"Tae","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2016.03.150","article-title":"Antimicrobial peptide, hdMolluscidin, purified from the gill of the abalone, Haliotis discus","volume":"52","author":"Seo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(98)01077-1","article-title":"NMDA-receptor antagonist requirements in conantokin-G","volume":"435","author":"Blandl","year":"1998","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.02.005","article-title":"Mass spectrometric identification of bromotryptophan containing conotoxin sequences from the venom of C. amadis","volume":"144","author":"Vijayasarathy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mardirossian, M., Rubini, M., Adamo, M.F.A., Scocchi, M., Saviano, M., Tossi, A., Gennaro, R., and Caporale, A. (2021). Natural and Synthetic Halogenated Amino Acids\u2014Structural and Bioactive Features in Antimicrobial Peptides and Peptidomimetics. Molecules, 26.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26237401"},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hossain, A., Dave, D., and Shahidi, F. (2020). Northern Sea Cucumber (Cucumaria frondosa): A Potential Candidate for Functional Food, Nutraceutical, and Pharmaceutical Sector. Mar. Drugs, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/md18050274"},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2016.06.034","article-title":"Quality parameters of frankfurter-type sausages with partial replacement of fat by hydrolyzed collagen","volume":"76","author":"Sousa","year":"2017","journal-title":"LWT-Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1566","DOI":"10.1007\/s11947-021-02640-z","article-title":"Contribution of Quasifibrillar Properties of Collagen Hydrolysates Towards Lowering of Interface Tension in Emulsion-Based Food Leading to Shelf-Life Enhancement","volume":"14","author":"Dey","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Bioprocess Technol."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1080\/10498850.2021.1974632","article-title":"Physicochemical, Antioxidant and Sensory Properties of Ready-to-drink Chrysanthemum Tea Fortified with Hydrolyzed Collagen from Salmon Scale Ossein","volume":"30","author":"Aluko","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Aquat. Food Prod. Technol."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102983","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jece.2019.102983","article-title":"Extraction and characterization of acid soluble collagen from fish waste: Development of collagen-chitosan blend as food packaging film","volume":"7","author":"Bhuimbar","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Environ. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110860","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfoodeng.2021.110860","article-title":"Collagen\/zein electrospun films incorporated with gallic acid for tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) muscle preservation","volume":"317","author":"Song","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Food Eng."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ben Slimane, E., and Sadok, S. (2018). Collagen from Cartilaginous Fish By-Products for a Potential Application in Bioactive Film Composite. Mar. Drugs, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/md16060211"},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhou, L., Mendez, R.L., and Kwon, J.Y. (2023). In Silico Prospecting for Novel Bioactive Peptides from Seafoods: A Case Study on Pacific Oyster (Crassostrea gigas). Molecules, 28.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28020651"},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102638","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fbio.2023.102638","article-title":"High Fischer ratio oligopeptides from hard-shelled mussel: Preparation and hepatoprotective effect against acetaminophen-induced liver injury in mice","volume":"53","author":"Zheng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Biosci."},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2017.08.008","article-title":"Review of anti-inflammatory, immune-modulatory and wound healing properties of molluscs","volume":"210","author":"Ahmad","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pei, J., Wang, Y., Zou, X., Ruan, H., Tang, C., Liao, J., Si, G., and Sun, P. (2021). Extraction, Purification, Bioactivities and Application of Matrix Proteins from Pearl Powder and Nacre Powder: A Review. Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2021.649665"},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3211","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-011-1088-4","article-title":"Nacre-driven water-soluble factors promote wound healing of the deep burn porcine skin by recovering angiogenesis and fibroblast function","volume":"39","author":"Lee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31078","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-17002-4","article-title":"Potential application of Healitide-GP1, a novel antibacterial peptide, in wound healing: In vitro studies","volume":"15","author":"Seyedjavadi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3029","DOI":"10.2174\/0929867043363884","article-title":"Ziconotide: Neuronal calcium channel blocker for treating severe chronic pain","volume":"11","author":"Miljanich","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagen.2017.08.014","article-title":"Marine natural product peptides with therapeutic potential: Chemistry, biosynthesis, and pharmacology","volume":"1862","author":"Gogineni","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta (BBA)-Gen. Subj."},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Avila, C., and Angulo-Preckler, C. (2020). Bioactive Compounds from Marine Heterobranchs. Mar. Drugs, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/md18120657"},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiotec.2006.08.005","article-title":"Recombinant mussel adhesive protein Mgfp-5 as cell adhesion biomaterial","volume":"127","author":"Hwang","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1080\/08927010802563108","article-title":"Bulk adhesive strength of recombinant hybrid mussel adhesive protein","volume":"25","author":"Cha","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biofouling"},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107070","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2025.107070","article-title":"Jellyfish collagen peptides: Anti-aging mechanism and potential application in skincare","volume":"134","author":"Yu","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Funct. Foods"},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Al-Nimry, S., Dayah, A.A., Hasan, I., and Daghmash, R. (2021). Cosmetic, Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Applications of Fish Gelatin\/Hydrolysates. Mar. Drugs, 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/md19030145"},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Badilli, U., and Inal, O. (2025). Current Approaches in Cosmeceuticals: Peptides, Biotics and Marine Biopolymers. Polymers, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym17060798"},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108449","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biotechadv.2024.108449","article-title":"Production of marine-derived bioactive peptide molecules for industrial applications: A reverse engineering approach","volume":"77","author":"Surwase","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Adv."},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13372","DOI":"10.1111\/1541-4337.13372","article-title":"Recent developments and challenges in algal protein and peptide extraction strategies, functional and technological properties, bioaccessibility, and commercial applications","volume":"23","author":"Karabulut","year":"2024","journal-title":"Compr. Rev. Food Sci. Food Saf."},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, X., Yang, Z., Zhang, W., Xing, L., Luo, R., and Cao, S. (2024). Obstacles, research progress, and prospects of oral delivery of bioactive peptides: A comprehensive review. Front. Nutr., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2024.1496706"},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100014","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abiote.2025.100014","article-title":"Artificial intelligence-driven discovery of bioactive peptides: Computational approaches and future perspectives","volume":"7","author":"Liu","year":"2026","journal-title":"aBIOTECH"},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70063","DOI":"10.1002\/imo2.70063","article-title":"Artificial intelligence-driven anticancer peptide discovery","volume":"2","author":"Wu","year":"2025","journal-title":"iMetaOmics"}],"container-title":["Molecules"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/31\/18\/3186\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T11:39:49Z","timestamp":1789040389000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/31\/18\/3186"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]]},"references-count":133,"journal-issue":{"issue":"18","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["molecules31183186"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules31183186","relation":{},"ISSN":["1420-3049"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1420-3049","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]]}}}