{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T15:06:19Z","timestamp":1789052779223,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788998400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Center for Research and Assistance in Technology and Design of the State of Jalisco. A.C"},{"name":"SECIHTI","award":["4019460"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["4019460"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Citrus aurantium L. by-products are a valuable source of bioactive compounds with potential industrial applications. This study evaluated the use of natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs), formulated with choline chloride as the hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA) and fructose as the hydrogen bond donor (HBD), combined with ultrasound-assisted extraction to optimize the recovery of flavonoids from Citrus aurantium L. industrial by-products. A central composite design (CCD) was employed to optimize total flavonoid content (TFC). The molar ratio (MR; 1 and 2 mol of HBD per mol of HBA) and the percentage of added water (AW; 40 and 60%) were optimized. In addition to TFC, total phenolic content (TPC), total ascorbic acid (TAA), antioxidant capacity (Ax) and phenolic profiles were also evaluated. The optimal extraction conditions, as obtained by Response Surface Methodology (RSM) for TFC, corresponded to an HBD molar ratio of 1.33 per 1 mol of HBA and 47.48% added water, resulting in an optimal value of 1576.63 \u00b1 4.9 mg quercetin equivalents (QE)\/100 g dry mass (DM). Maximum values of 4276.94 \u00b1 25.4 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)\/100 g DM for TPC, 2077.66 \u00b1 21.3 mg\/100 g DM for TAA and 88.09 \u00b1 0.1% inhibition for Ax were also obtained. The optimal NADES was characterized by density, viscosity, pH, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy. Additionally, phenolic profiling revealed high concentrations of hesperidin (2747.1 mg\/100 g DM), naringenin (1251.93 mg\/100 g DM), and quercetin + luteolin (660.65 mg\/100 g DM).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules31183192","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T14:11:22Z","timestamp":1789049482000},"page":"3192","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent-Based Extraction of Flavonoids from Citrus Aurantium L. By-Products: Process Optimization and Physicochemical Characterization of Optimal System"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-4685-1230","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joaqu\u00edn","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Cabal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n y Asistencia en Tecnolog\u00eda y Dise\u00f1o del Estado de Jalisco A.C., Subsede Sureste, Tablaje Catastral 31264, Km. 5.5 Carretera Sierra Papacal-Chuburn\u00e1 Puerto, Parque Cient\u00edfico Tecnol\u00f3gico de Yucat\u00e1n, M\u00e9rida 97302, Yucat\u00e1n, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"software","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7316-9809","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kevin Alejandro","family":"Avil\u00e9s-Betanzos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n y Asistencia en Tecnolog\u00eda y Dise\u00f1o del Estado de Jalisco A.C., Subsede Sureste, Tablaje Catastral 31264, Km. 5.5 Carretera Sierra Papacal-Chuburn\u00e1 Puerto, Parque Cient\u00edfico Tecnol\u00f3gico de Yucat\u00e1n, M\u00e9rida 97302, Yucat\u00e1n, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7830-3066","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel Octavio","family":"Ram\u00edrez-Sucre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n y Asistencia en Tecnolog\u00eda y Dise\u00f1o del Estado de Jalisco A.C., Subsede Sureste, Tablaje Catastral 31264, Km. 5.5 Carretera Sierra Papacal-Chuburn\u00e1 Puerto, Parque Cient\u00edfico Tecnol\u00f3gico de Yucat\u00e1n, M\u00e9rida 97302, Yucat\u00e1n, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0809-7794","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan Valerio","family":"Cauich-Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Cient\u00edfica de Yucat\u00e1n, Unidad de Materiales, Calle 43 No. 130 x 32 y 34, Colonia Chuburn\u00e1 de Hidalgo, M\u00e9rida 97205, Yucat\u00e1n, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6253-8389","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ingrid Mayanin","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Buenfil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n y Asistencia en Tecnolog\u00eda y Dise\u00f1o del Estado de Jalisco A.C., Subsede Sureste, Tablaje Catastral 31264, Km. 5.5 Carretera Sierra Papacal-Chuburn\u00e1 Puerto, Parque Cient\u00edfico Tecnol\u00f3gico de Yucat\u00e1n, M\u00e9rida 97302, Yucat\u00e1n, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.17762\/jaz.v44iS6.1990","article-title":"Consumer preference for eco-friendly products in relation to sustainability awareness","volume":"44","author":"Tamboli","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. 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