{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,13]],"date-time":"2026-09-13T05:04:57Z","timestamp":1789275897348,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789084800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014208","name":"Postgraduate Education Reform and Quality Improvement Project of Henan Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["YJS2025GZZ63"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YJS2025GZZ63"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014208","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Key Discipline of Henan Province-Materials and Chemical Engineering"},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Huanghe S&T University","award":["0203240016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0203240016"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003172","name":"Science Foundation of Henan University of Technology","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2025B S105"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025B S105"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003172","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["2025B S105"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025B S105"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05sbgwt55","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this research, terbium-doped strontium tungsten oxide samples were synthesized using the solid-state synthesis method. It was found through X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) that the samples belong to the tetragonal crystal system and have the space group I41\/a. The SEM-EDS images indicate that the Na, K, W, and Tb atoms are uniformly distributed throughout the samples. Photoluminescence (PL) measurements were applied for sample characterization. All of them exhibited green emission with the highest peak at 545 nm attributable to the 5D4 \u2192 7F5 transition. The highest emission intensity was observed in the Sr0.996Tb0.004WO4 sample, while higher doping levels resulted in a decrease in the PL intensities due to concentration quenching. Samples with additional alkali metal ions for charge compensation were also prepared, and their PL properties were measured; the enhancement of co-doping alkali metal (A+ = Li+, Na+, K+) on the green luminescence is demonstrated thoroughly. Doping with 0.5 mol% Na+ ions yielded a 9.14-fold increase in peak intensity of 545 nm, a 8.02-fold enhancement in operational lifespan, and a 88.82% improvement in quantum yield. These results indicate that Sr0.991Tb0.004Na0.005WO4 materials have potential application as green phosphors in LEDs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules31183214","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T14:39:24Z","timestamp":1789137564000},"page":"3214","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Different Alkali Carbonates on the Microstructure and Photoluminescence Properties of SrWO4:Tb3+ Phosphors"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0140-6008","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Faxue","family":"Ma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Engineering, Huanghe University of Science and Technology, Zhengzhou 454000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Xiangju","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Jingwei","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Engineering, Huanghe University of Science and Technology, Zhengzhou 454000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Ruoyang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Engineering, Huanghe University of Science and Technology, Zhengzhou 454000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Dingcheng","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Engineering, Huanghe University of Science and Technology, Zhengzhou 454000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Weiwei","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Engineering, Huanghe University of Science and Technology, Zhengzhou 454000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Xueqing","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Research Center of Wheat and Corn Further Processing, School of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Yongguo","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Henan Zhongfu Industrial Co., Ltd., Gongyi 452100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Aiyun","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Engineering, Huanghe University of Science and Technology, Zhengzhou 454000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4982","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.5c00114","article-title":"Applications and Challenges of Fluorescent Probes for the Detection of Pesticide Residues in Food","volume":"73","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20040","DOI":"10.1039\/D5RA03126E","article-title":"A review of recent developments in rare earth-doped nanophosphors for emerging technological applications","volume":"15","author":"Kiran","year":"2025","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e01328","DOI":"10.1002\/asia.202401328","article-title":"Smart Luminescent Materials for Emerging Sensors: Fundamentals and Advances","volume":"20","author":"Manna","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chem. Asian J."},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"e23470","article-title":"Stable Luminescent Diradicals: The Emergence and Potential Applications","volume":"64","author":"Zhu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bhattarai, T., Ebong, A., and Raja, M.Y.A. (2024). A Review of Light-Emitting Diodes and Ultraviolet Light-Emitting Diodes and Their Applications. Photonics, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/photonics11060491"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmatsci.2024.101243","article-title":"Stable glass-protected CsPbX3 (X = Cl, Br, and I) perovskite quantum dots and their applications in backlight LED","volume":"143","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Prog. Mater. Sci."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.1039\/D2CS00976E","article-title":"Stimuli-fluorochromic smart organic materials","volume":"53","author":"Huang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1372","DOI":"10.1039\/C3CS60314H","article-title":"How to produce white light in a single-phase host?","volume":"43","author":"Shang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117858","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optmat.2026.117858","article-title":"A novel single-phase phosphor with tunable luminescence and high thermal stability for white LEDs and anti-counterfeiting","volume":"173","author":"Guan","year":"2026","journal-title":"Opt. Mater."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141430","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molstruc.2025.141430","article-title":"A novel single-phase white light emission phosphor for healthy lighting, anti-counterfeiting, and plant lighting","volume":"1330","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Mol. Struct."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e02170","DOI":"10.1002\/adom.202502170","article-title":"A Single-Phase High-Color-Rendering NaAlSiO4:Pb2+\/Tb3+\/Eu3+ Phosphor for White Light-Emitting Diodes","volume":"13","author":"Zhou","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Opt. Mater."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1016\/S1002-0721(12)60317-2","article-title":"Luminescent performance of rare earths doped CaBi2Ta2O9 phosphor","volume":"31","author":"Cui","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Rare Earths"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3697(98)00307-2","article-title":"Structural and optical properties of terbium oxide nanoparticles","volume":"60","author":"Wakefield","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. Solids"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.egypro.2015.12.307","article-title":"Structural and Photoluminescence Properties of Evaporated SnO2 Thin Films Doped with Rare Earths","volume":"84","author":"Hild","year":"2015","journal-title":"Energy Procedia"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.powtec.2021.09.053","article-title":"Fluorescence intensity ratio optical thermometer YNbO4: Pr3+, Tb3+ based on intervalence charge transfer","volume":"395","author":"Yuan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Powder Technol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177444","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2024.177444","article-title":"Temperature dependent photoluminescence properties of a Y2Ge2O7:Tb3+ phosphors. A dual band ratiometric luminescent thermometer","volume":"1010","author":"Santos","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Alloys Compd."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171909","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2023.171909","article-title":"Tunable luminescence and energy transfer in Tb3+,Eu3+ co-doped Gd2Zr2O7 phosphors with high thermal stability for WLEDs","volume":"968","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Alloys Compd."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2019.152143","article-title":"Realizing efficient Mn2+ red emission via synergistic sensitization of Eu2+ and Tb3+ for white light-emitting diodes","volume":"812","author":"Dai","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Alloys Compd."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2556","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceramint.2024.11.239","article-title":"Luminescent properties and temperature sensing of Mn4+\/Tb3+ doped CaAl2Si2O8 phosphors","volume":"51","author":"Chi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ceram. Int."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28839","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceramint.2025.04.093","article-title":"Investigation of the rigid structure, luminescence properties of stable CaY2Al4SiO12: Bi\/Tb\/Sm phosphors toward wLEDs application","volume":"51","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ceram. Int."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4325","DOI":"10.1039\/D3DT04264B","article-title":"Stable color-tunable Ca3Y(GaO)3(BO3)4:Bi3+\/Tb3+\/Eu3+ phosphors for application in n-UV-pumped wLEDs","volume":"53","author":"Xia","year":"2024","journal-title":"Dalton Trans."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120969","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jlumin.2024.120969","article-title":"Study on the structure, energy transfer, and color-tunable photoluminescence of the stable BaY2Si3O10: Bi\/Tb\/Sm phosphors","volume":"277","author":"Zheng","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Lumin."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2016.09.332","article-title":"Photoluminescence properties of Tb-doped and (Zn,Tb) co-doped barium strontium titanate crystalline powders","volume":"694","author":"Zhao","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Alloys Compd."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119948","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jlumin.2023.119948","article-title":"Enhancement of green light emission from the LiSrVO4:Tb3+ doped vanadate phosphor by charge compensation via co-doping of the alkali metal ions (Li+\/Na+\/K+)","volume":"263","author":"Mala","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Lumin."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jlumin.2019.04.028","article-title":"Progress and challenges towards the development of a new optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) material based on MgB4O7:Ce,Li","volume":"212","author":"Gustafson","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Lumin."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceramint.2025.03.198","article-title":"Enhanced photoluminescence and energy transfer of Li+ co-doped GdPO4\u00b7H2O:Tb3+,Ce3+ green phosphors","volume":"51","author":"Meng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ceram. Int."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115453","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sna.2024.115453","article-title":"Integrating K+ into Eu and Tb doped GdCa4O(BO3)3: A dual study on photoluminescence and structure","volume":"373","author":"Altowyan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators A Phys."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32701","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceramint.2025.05.004","article-title":"K+ Co-doped Ca2LaTaO6: RE3+(RE = Pr, Tb) Phosphors: Enhancement photoluminescence intensity and high thermal stability","volume":"51","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ceram. Int."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127898","DOI":"10.1016\/j.saa.2026.127898","article-title":"Thermally robust dual-band anti-thermal quenching in alkali-co-doped K7SrGd2(B5O10)3:Tb3+ phosphors","volume":"358","author":"Altowyan","year":"2026","journal-title":"Spectrochim. Acta Part A Mol. Biomol. Spectrosc."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1016\/S1002-0721(14)60521-4","article-title":"Luminescence properties of alkali metal ions sensitized CaFCl:Tb3+ nanophosphors","volume":"33","author":"Lin","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Rare Earths"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114011","DOI":"10.1016\/j.materresbull.2026.114011","article-title":"Structural and luminescence analysis of Li+\/Na+ co-doped K7 CaGd2 (B5 O10)3:Tb3+ phosphors with enhanced green emission and thermal stability","volume":"198","author":"Yusan","year":"2026","journal-title":"Mater. Res. Bull."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1808","DOI":"10.1021\/cm062039u","article-title":"Tungstate-based inorganic-organic hybrid nanobelts\/nanotubes with lamellar mesostructures: Synthesis, characterization, and formation mechanism","volume":"19","author":"Chen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chem. Mater."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24752","DOI":"10.1039\/D2RA04705E","article-title":"Up-conversion luminescence properties with temperature change of strontium tungstate phosphors","volume":"12","author":"Yi","year":"2022","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415923","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physb.2024.415923","article-title":"Ratiometric thermometry using down-conversion luminescence and solid-state lighting application of Er3+ activated strontium tungstate phosphor","volume":"683","author":"Degda","year":"2024","journal-title":"Phys. B Condens. Matter"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2008.10.034","article-title":"Synthesis, growth process and photoluminescence properties of SrWO4 powders","volume":"330","author":"Sczancoski","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2010.07.033","article-title":"Luminescence and absorbance of highly crystalline CaMoO4, SrMoO4, CaWO4 and SrWO4 nanoparticles synthesized by co-precipitation method at room temperature","volume":"506","author":"Thongtem","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Alloys Compd."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optmat.2011.01.025","article-title":"Red phosphor SrWO4:Eu3+ for potential application in white LED","volume":"33","author":"Ju","year":"2011","journal-title":"Opt. Mater."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.inorgchem.7b02780","article-title":"Deciphering the Role of Charge Compensator in Optical Properties of SrWO4:Eu3+:A (A = Li+, Na+, K+): Spectroscopic Insight Using Photoluminescence, Positron Annihilation, and X-ray Absorption","volume":"57","author":"Gupta","year":"2018","journal-title":"Inorg. Chem."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1107\/S0567739476001551","article-title":"Revised effective ionic radii and systematic studies of interatomic distances in halides and chalcogenides","volume":"32","author":"Shannon","year":"1976","journal-title":"Acta Crystallogr. Sect. A"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e75012","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.75012","article-title":"Designing Multifunctional SrZnP2O7:Dy,Tb Scintillator for Integrated X-ray Imaging and Radiation Thermometry","volume":"36","author":"Xiang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpcs.2012.10.010","article-title":"Different alkali carbonates on the microstructure and photoluminescence properties of BaY2ZnO5:Tb3+ phosphors prepared using the solid-state method","volume":"74","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. Solids"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00020","DOI":"10.1002\/adom.202600020","article-title":"Near-Unity Internal Quantum Efficiency in Na2CaHf2Ge3O12: Fe3+ Phosphors via Non-Stoichiometric Na+ Engineering","volume":"14","author":"Li","year":"2026","journal-title":"Adv. Opt. Mater."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1007\/s42247-024-00646-9","article-title":"Exploring prompt photocatalytic degradation of MB dye using Cu 0.5 Co 0.5 WO4\/g-C3N4 nanocomposite under visible light irradiation","volume":"7","author":"Kandasamy","year":"2024","journal-title":"Emergent Mater."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126579","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2026.126579","article-title":"Oxygen vacancy regulation in S-scheme heterojunction of half-metallic carbon nitride and Bi2WO6: Accelerated charge transfer for efficient CO2 photoreduction","volume":"389","author":"Zhong","year":"2026","journal-title":"Appl. Catal. B Environ. Energy"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2025.161129","article-title":"Eu3+ doping induces asynchronous tuning of luminescence and afterglow in self-activated LiZnSbO4 host for multiple applications","volume":"508","author":"Liang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-2313(82)90004-7","article-title":"On the intrinsic nature of the blue luminescence in CaWO4","volume":"27","author":"Grasser","year":"1982","journal-title":"J. Lumin."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22452","DOI":"10.1007\/s10854-020-04746-0","article-title":"An insight into the luminescent properties and Judd\u2013Ofelt analysis of Eu3+ doped CaZn2(PO4)2 phosphors","volume":"31","author":"Krishnapriya","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4412","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1669892","article-title":"Spectral Intensities of the Trivalent Lanthanides and Actinides in Solution. II. Pm3+, Sm3+, Eu3+, Gd3+, Tb3+, Dy3+, and Ho3+","volume":"49","author":"Carnall","year":"1968","journal-title":"J. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jlumin.2023.120188","article-title":"Luminescence investigations of hydrothermally synthesized terbium doped zirconium tungstate nanorods","volume":"264","author":"Thomas","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Lumin."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58708","DOI":"10.1039\/C4RA12350F","article-title":"Luminescence, energy-transfer and tunable color properties of single-component Tb3+ and\/or Sm3+ doped NaGd(WO4)2 phosphors with UV excitation for use as WLEDs","volume":"4","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22075","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceramint.2025.02.371","article-title":"Eu3+\/Tb3+ co-doped CaWO4 for multi-color luminescence, electromagnetic immunity and dual-mode self-calibration optical thermometry","volume":"51","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ceram. Int."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1728","DOI":"10.1039\/D3TC03731B","article-title":"Trap engineering through chemical doping for ultralong X-ray persistent luminescence and anti-thermal quenching in Zn2GeO4","volume":"12","author":"Balhara","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. C"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121030","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jlumin.2024.121030","article-title":"Deep-red emitting SrNaZrO3:Mn4+ phosphor for greenhouse cultivation LEDs application","volume":"279","author":"Ahemen","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Lumin."}],"container-title":["Molecules"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/31\/18\/3214\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,13]],"date-time":"2026-09-13T04:22:38Z","timestamp":1789273358000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/31\/18\/3214"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"18","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["molecules31183214"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules31183214","relation":{},"ISSN":["1420-3049"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1420-3049","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]]}}}