{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T15:30:17Z","timestamp":1789659017874,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789084800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"The National Key R&amp;D Program of China","award":["2024YFD1701101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024YFD1701101"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["U23A20158"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U23A20158"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"},{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["U23A20158"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U23A20158"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases","award":["2024NITFID401"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024NITFID401"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["63263184"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["63263184"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Soil saline\u2013alkali stress has become a great risk, leading to significant decline in crop yields, especially in protected agriculture that is frequently threatened by excessive chemical fertilization. There is an urgent need to develop friendly strategies for improving the quality of saline\u2013alkali soil. Microbial inoculants are promising agents in attenuating soil stress, but their colonization ability in the crop rhizosphere is often limited. To improve the efficiency of microbial inoculants, this study constructed the assembly of a salt-tolerant bacterium Halomonas (Homs) and a hydrogel composed of sodium alginate, chitosan and xanthine with the assistance of artificial Homs-binding protein (Schx). The effect of this Homs + Schx assembly on the growth of crops and the rhizosphere microecology under saline\u2013alkali stress was systematically evaluated by pot experiments. The results indicate that the application of Homs + Schx enhanced the Shannon index of the rhizosphere bacterial community and increased the relative abundance of key bacterial genera related to biofilm formation and nitrogen cycling (e.g., Curvibacter and Nitrospira). Furthermore, Homs + Schx enhanced the activity of soil urease, peroxidase, and sucrase, reducing the sodium ion content, increasing the potassium ion content, and effectively lowering the soil pH and salt contents. Physiologically, this treatment induced a root osmotic regulatory response, resulting in an increase in the proline contents and a decrease in malondialdehyde contents. Consequently, Homs-Schx promoted the growth of tomatoes and wheat in saline\u2013alkali soil. This study provides new ideas for enhancing the rhizosphere colonization of plant growth-promoting bacteria, regulating the structure of microbial communities, and enhancing crop stress tolerance with the aid of green material strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules31183215","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T17:14:59Z","timestamp":1789146899000},"page":"3215","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Assembly of Alginate\u2013Chitosan\u2013Xanthine Hydrogel and Halomonas Improves Soil Quality of Protected Crop Growth Under Saline\u2013Alkali Stress"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Rou","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-2799-7871","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zirun","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guangbo","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiawen","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoxiang","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zijia","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danni","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingchun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0473-5111","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qilin","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103378","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eti.2023.103378","article-title":"Intervention of Rhamnolipid Improves the Rhizosphere Microenvironment of Cotton in Desert Saline Lands","volume":"32","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Technol. Innov."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"e01449","article-title":"Effects of the Interaction between Biochar and Nutrients on Soil Organic Carbon Sequestration in Soda Saline-Alkali Grassland: A Review","volume":"26","author":"Gong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Glob. Ecol. Conserv."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kumar, A., Singh, S., Gaurav, A.K., Srivastava, S., and Verma, J.P. (2020). Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria: Biological Tools for the Mitigation of Salinity Stress in Plants. Front. Microbiol., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.01216"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1093\/plphys\/kiab263","article-title":"OsFes1C, a Potential Nucleotide Exchange Factor for OsBiP1, Is Involved in the ER and Salt Stress Responses","volume":"187","author":"Qian","year":"2021","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lu, Y., and Fricke, W. (2023). Salt Stress\u2014Regulation of Root Water Uptake in a Whole-Plant and Diurnal Context. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24098070"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tplants.2014.02.001","article-title":"Plant Salt-Tolerance Mechanisms","volume":"19","author":"Deinlein","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trends Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168940","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.168940","article-title":"Effect of Micro\u2013Nano Bubbles on the Remediation of Saline\u2013Alkali Soil with Microbial Agent","volume":"912","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145992","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2025.145992","article-title":"Study on the Screening of High-Efficiency Salt and Alkali-Tolerant Microbial Agents and Their Roles and Mechanisms in Enhancing Saline-Alkaline Soil Remediation","volume":"519","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132507","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2025.132507","article-title":"Review of Biological Algal Fertilizer Technology: Alleviating Salinization, Sequestering Carbon, and Improving Crop Productivity","volume":"429","author":"Dai","year":"2025","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gon\u00e7alo Filho, F., Da Silva Dias, N., Suddarth, S.R.P., Ferreira, J.F.S., Anderson, R.G., Dos Santos Fernandes, C., De Lira, R.B., Neto, M.F., and Cosme, C.R. (2019). Reclaiming Tropical Saline-Sodic Soils with Gypsum and Cow Manure. Water, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/w12010057"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124041","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2025.124041","article-title":"Improving Soil Properties and Sesbania Growth through Combined Organic Amendment Strategies in a Coastal Saline-Alkali Soil","volume":"374","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manag."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2024.144176","article-title":"Screening of Saline-Alkali Tolerant Microorganisms and Their Promoting Effects on Rice Growth under Saline-Alkali Stress","volume":"481","author":"Fu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2140","DOI":"10.1111\/jipb.13755","article-title":"The Combination of a Microbial and a Non-microbial Biostimulant Increases Yield in Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) under Salt Stress Conditions by Up-regulating Cytokinin Biosynthesis","volume":"66","author":"Benito","year":"2024","journal-title":"JIPB"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2011.05.068","article-title":"Unsterile and Continuous Production of Polyhydroxybutyrate by Halomonas TD01","volume":"102","author":"Tan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymben.2020.04.004","article-title":"Engineering Halomonas Bluephagenesis for L-Threonine Production","volume":"60","author":"Du","year":"2020","journal-title":"Metab. Eng."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1038\/s44185-024-00050-w","article-title":"Novel Insights into the Diversity of Halophilic Microorganisms and Their Functioning in Hypersaline Ecosystems","volume":"3","author":"Oren","year":"2024","journal-title":"npj Biodivers."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1007\/s11274-016-2081-9","article-title":"Halophiles: Biology, Adaptation, and Their Role in Decontamination of Hypersaline Environments","volume":"32","author":"Edbeib","year":"2016","journal-title":"World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, L., Qian, X., Zhao, Z., Wang, Y., Ding, G., and Xing, X. (2024). Mechanisms of Rhizosphere Plant-Microbe Interactions: Molecular Insights into Microbial Colonization. Front. Plant Sci., 15.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2024.1491495"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128828","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2022.128828","article-title":"Synthetic Physical Contact-Remodeled Rhizosphere Microbiome for Enhanced Phytoremediation","volume":"433","author":"Yin","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao, Z., Liu, R., Yu, J., Liu, Y., Li, M., and Yu, Q. (2025). Synthetic Protein-Assisted Co-Assembly of Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework-8 and Novosphingobium capsulatum for Enhanced Saline\u2013Alkali Resistance of Wheat. Molecules, 30.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules30183669"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.125132","article-title":"Silica Modified Copper-Based Alginate\/Chitosan Hybrid Hydrogel to Control Soil Fumigant Release, Reduce Emission and Enhance Bioactivity","volume":"244","author":"Ren","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8073","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.6b02879","article-title":"Encapsulation of Biological and Chemical Agents for Plant Nutrition and Protection: Chitosan\/Alginate Microcapsules Loaded with Copper Cations and Trichoderma viride","volume":"64","author":"Bujan","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpolymj.2015.04.017","article-title":"Superabsorbent Hydrogels Based on Polysaccharides for Application in Agriculture as Soil Conditioner and Nutrient Carrier: A Review","volume":"72","author":"Guilherme","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. Polym. J."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2018.06.117","article-title":"Triple-Crosslinked\u03b2-Cyclodextrin Oligomer Self-Healing Hydrogel Showing High Mechanical Strength, Enhanced Stability and pH Responsiveness","volume":"198","author":"Jeong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116067","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.116067","article-title":"Thermo\/Photo Dual-Crosslinking Chitosan-Gelatin Methacrylate Hydrogel with Controlled Shrinking Property for Contraction Fabrication","volume":"236","author":"Luo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1002\/pat.5105","article-title":"Controlling Radiation Degradation of a CMC Solution to Optimize the Swelling of Acrylic Acid Hydrogel as Water and Fertilizer Carriers","volume":"32","author":"Ghobashy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Polym. Adv. Technol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122969","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2024.122969","article-title":"Comammox Nitrospira Are the Dominant Ammonia Oxidizers in the Yangtze Estuarine Biofilms","volume":"273","author":"Tang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122567","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2024.122567","article-title":"Response of Nitrifiers to Gradually Increasing pH Conditions in a Membrane Nitrification Bioreactor: Microbial Dynamics and Alkali-Resistant Mechanism","volume":"268","author":"Shi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu, Q., Yang, L., Liang, H., Liu, M., Chen, Y., Chen, D., and Shen, P. (2024). Impacts of Soil Compaction and Phosphorus Levels on the Dynamics of Phosphate-Solubilizing and Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria in the Peanut Rhizosphere. Agronomy, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy14091971"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Veen, G.F., Fry, E.L., Ten Hooven, F.C., Kardol, P., Morri\u00ebn, E., and De Long, J.R. (2019). The Role of Plant Litter in Driving Plant-Soil Feedbacks. Front. Environ. Sci., 7.","DOI":"10.3389\/fenvs.2019.00168"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, F., Ma, J., Yuan, Q., and Yu, Z. (2023). Phosphate Solubilizing Microorganisms as a Driving Force to Assist Mine Phytoremediation. Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2023.1201067"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2021.08.014","article-title":"Phosphate Bacterial Solubilization: A Key Rhizosphere Driving Force Enabling Higher P Use Efficiency and Crop Productivity","volume":"38","author":"Elhaissoufi","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Adv. Res."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Basu, A., Prasad, P., Das, S.N., Kalam, S., Sayyed, R.Z., Reddy, M.S., and El Enshasy, H. (2021). Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) as Green Bioinoculants: Recent Developments, Constraints, and Prospects. Sustainability, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/su13031140"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1007\/s11368-026-04232-w","article-title":"Alternative Carrier Materials for Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria: Progress and Perspectives","volume":"26","author":"Shabir","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Soils Sediments"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2019.04.019","article-title":"Innovative Thermal and Acoustic Insulation Foam by Using Recycled Ceramic Shell and Expandable Styrofoam (EPS) Wastes","volume":"89","author":"Sangiacomo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Waste Manag."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2023.141280","article-title":"A Universal Strategy for Preparing Tough and Smart Glassy Hydrogels","volume":"457","author":"Lin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1900043","DOI":"10.1002\/admt.201900043","article-title":"Transformer Hydrogels: A Review","volume":"4","author":"Erol","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. Mater. Technol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1904886","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201904886","article-title":"Covalent Poly(2-Isopropenyl-2-Oxazoline) Hydrogels with Ultrahigh Mechanical Strength and Toughness through Secondary Terpyridine Metal-Coordination Crosslinks","volume":"29","author":"Xu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6748","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.macromol.9b01281","article-title":"Slide-Ring Cross-Links Mediated Tough Metallosupramolecular Hydrogels with Superior Self-Recoverability","volume":"52","author":"Zheng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Macromolecules"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132361","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2022.132361","article-title":"Biofilm: A Strategy for the Dominance of Comammox Nitrospira","volume":"363","author":"Zhao","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146558","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.146558","article-title":"Dominance of Comammox Nitrospira in Soil Nitrification","volume":"780","author":"Hu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122936","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2020.122936","article-title":"The Occurrence and Role of Nitrospira in Nitrogen Removal Systems","volume":"303","author":"Mehrani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.138259","article-title":"Microbiome Structure and Function in Rhizosphere of Jerusalem Artichoke Grown in Saline Land","volume":"724","author":"Yue","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2020.124344","article-title":"Iron-Modified Biochar and Water Management Regime-Induced Changes in Plant Growth, Enzyme Activities, and Phytoavailability of Arsenic, Cadmium and Lead in a Paddy Soil","volume":"407","author":"Wen","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123829","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2020.123829","article-title":"Trifolium Repens L. Regulated Phytoremediation of Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil by Promoting Soil Enzyme Activities and Beneficial Rhizosphere Associated Microorganisms","volume":"402","author":"Lin","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etap.2013.07.003","article-title":"Interactive Effect of Oxytetracycline and Lead on Soil Enzymatic Activity and Microbial Biomass","volume":"36","author":"Gao","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121838","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2020.121838","article-title":"A Cu2+-Assisted Fluorescence Switch Biosensor for Detecting of Coenzyme A Employing Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Dots","volume":"224","author":"Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.progpolymsci.2013.02.003","article-title":"Surface Modification of Inorganic Nanoparticles for Development of Organic\u2013Inorganic Nanocomposites\u2014A Review","volume":"38","author":"Kango","year":"2013","journal-title":"Progress. Polym. Sci."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kawasaki, A., Donn, S., Ryan, P.R., Mathesius, U., Devilla, R., Jones, A., and Watt, M. (2016). Microbiome and Exudates of the Root and Rhizosphere of Brachypodium distachyon, a Model for Wheat. PLoS ONE, 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0164533"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1431","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1698311","article-title":"CD14, a Receptor for Complexes of Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and LPS Binding Protein","volume":"249","author":"Wright","year":"2026","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-019-0209-9","article-title":"Reproducible, Interactive, Scalable and Extensible Microbiome Data Science Using QIIME 2","volume":"37","author":"Bolyen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."}],"container-title":["Molecules"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/31\/18\/3215\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T04:13:10Z","timestamp":1789531990000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/31\/18\/3215"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"18","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["molecules31183215"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules31183215","relation":{},"ISSN":["1420-3049"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1420-3049","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]]}}}