{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T05:08:15Z","timestamp":1789967295578,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789516800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS-2023-00247631"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2023-00247631"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS-2026-25489558"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2026-25489558"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS-2023-00246527"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2023-00246527"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["RS-2023-00247631"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2023-00247631"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/013aysd81","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["RS-2026-25489558"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2026-25489558"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/013aysd81","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["RS-2023-00246527"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2023-00246527"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/013aysd81","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003716","name":"Korea Basic Science Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS-2022-NF000886"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2022-NF000886"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003716","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["RS-2022-NF000886"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2022-NF000886"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0417sdw47","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002507","name":"Kangwon National University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023 Research Grant"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023 Research Grant"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002507","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["2023 Research Grant"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023 Research Grant"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01mh5ph17","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Gyeongbuk RISE CENTER","award":["2026-ANCHOR-15-107"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2026-ANCHOR-15-107"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>GPR119 is a promising target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Stimulating this receptor leads to the induction of glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide and glucagon-like peptide 1, which improves systemic glucose homeostasis. Encouraged by our previous research, we replaced 5-nitropyrimidine with 1,3,5-triazine to reduce hepatotoxicity. A new series of compounds with a 1,3,5-triazine scaffold was synthesized and evaluated for their agonistic activities against human GPR119. Thirty-three compounds were synthesized and evaluated for their potential GPR119 agonist activities. Analogs with a 4-cyano and a 4-methylsulfonyl group in the aryl ring exhibited more potent activation than those analogs with a 4-trifluoromethyl group. Compound 3c had the most favorable EC50 value (hEC50 = 2.39 \u00b5M) and significantly induced glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion. Furthermore, docking simulations showed that compound 3c stably binds to the active site of GPR119.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules31183289","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T16:07:29Z","timestamp":1789574849000},"page":"3289","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 1,3,5-Triazine Derivatives for GPR119 Agonistic Activity"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Bui Hoang Huu","family":"Nhan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seong Ho","family":"Jeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CHA University, Pocheon 11160, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3345-2073","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sujin","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Daegu Catholic University, Gyungsan 38430, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seung Hwan","family":"Son","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Young Duk","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CHA University, Pocheon 11160, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2494-751X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seok-Ho","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104998","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2021.104998","article-title":"GPR119 agonists: Novel therapeutic agents for type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"113","author":"Manaithiya","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bioorg. 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