{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T15:03:35Z","timestamp":1790003015648,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789776000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Hacettepe University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit","award":["THD-2017-11469"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["THD-2017-11469"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04kwvgz42","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["THD-2017-11469"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["THD-2017-11469"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04kwvgz42","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Polygonum equisetiforme Sm. is traditionally used in the Mediterranean region as a medicinal plant and herbal tea ingredient. This study aimed to characterize its phenolic constituents and evaluate its in vitro potential against metabolic targets associated with obesity and diabetes. Methanolic and defatted aqueous extracts of the aerial parts were prepared, and the aqueous extract was fractionated using chromatographic techniques. The isolated compounds were characterized by one- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy, supported by mass spectrometry where available, and compared with published spectroscopic data. Antioxidant activity was evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), superoxide anion radical (O2\u2022\u2212), nitric oxide (NO), cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) assays. Inhibitory effects against \u03b1-amylase, \u03b1-glucosidase, and pancreatic lipase were determined, and glucose uptake was assessed in 3T3-L1 cells. Seven phenolic compounds were identified: 3-O-acetyl-(\u2212)-epicatechin, liquiritin, catechin, tamarixetin, quercetin, quercetin-3-O-glucoside, and quercetin-3-O-galactoside. Among these, 3-O-acetyl-(\u2212)-epicatechin and tamarixetin are reported for the first time in the genus Polygonum. The phenolic-rich fractions exhibited pronounced antioxidant activity, with Fr. E showing the strongest DPPH radical-scavenging activity (IC50 = 6.00 \u00b5g\/mL). The methanolic and aqueous extracts inhibited \u03b1-amylase (IC50 = 310.95 and 285.00 \u00b5g\/mL), \u03b1-glucosidase (IC50 = 374.04 and 362.82 \u00b5g\/mL), and pancreatic lipase (IC50 = 519.20 and 868.50 \u00b5g\/mL), respectively. At 100 \u00b5g\/mL, both extracts enhanced glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 cells, with a further significant increase observed in the presence of insulin. These findings expand the phytochemical knowledge of P. equisetiforme and demonstrate its multi-target in vitro potential against metabolic processes associated with obesity and diabetes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules31183327","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T14:12:09Z","timestamp":1789999929000},"page":"3327","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Isolation of Phenolic Metabolites and Evaluation of the Antioxidant and Metabolic Enzyme-Inhibitory Activities of Polygonum equisetiforme Sm."],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7482-0429","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Merve Y\u00fczba\u015f\u0131o\u011flu","family":"Baran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, G\u00fclhane Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Health Sciences, 06108 Ankara, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehmet","family":"Uzun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, 06100 Ankara, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3986-4909","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zekiye Ceren Ar\u0131tuluk","family":"Ayd\u0131n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, 06100 Ankara, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e1s","family":"Simon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 1111 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3373-4759","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ay\u015fe","family":"Kuru\u00fcz\u00fcm-Uz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, 06100 Ankara, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e28947","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e28947","article-title":"The Genus Polygonum: An Updated Comprehensive Review of Its Ethnomedicinal, Phytochemical, Pharmacological Activities, Toxicology, and Phytopharmaceutical Formulation","volume":"10","author":"Idoudi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (2026, January 22). 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