{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T17:01:32Z","timestamp":1790010092028,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789948800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Jiangsu Province University Student Innovation Training Program Project","award":["X2026110490042"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["X2026110490042"]}]},{"name":"Major Program of Natural Science Foundation of the Higher Education Institutions of Jiangsu Province of China","award":["24KJA360001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24KJA360001"]}]},{"name":"Open Project of Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Palygorskite Science and Applied Technology","award":["HPZ202402"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HPZ202402"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A green efficient deep eutectic solvent (DES)-based system was developed for total alkaloid extraction from Eupatorium lindleyanum DC. and evaluated for postharvest grape preservation. Among 18 DESs, choline chloride\u2013citric acid (2:1, molar ratio) showed the highest extraction efficiency. Box\u2013Behnken design and response surface methodology optimized the process to 52 min, 42 \u00b0C, and a liquid-to-solid ratio of 39:1 mL\u2219g\u22121, yielding 277.96 mg\u2219g\u22121 total alkaloids. SEM showed pronounced structural disruption of E. lindleyanum tissues after UAE-DES treatment. The DES extract exhibited DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities of 72.74% and 77.35%, respectively, significantly higher than those of the water extract. In postharvest grapes, the DES extract reduced MDA accumulation and maintained higher VC levels. In Botrytis cinerea-inoculated grapes, it reduced visible gray mold-associated deterioration and alleviated oxidative damage. This study extends UAE-DES research from extraction optimization to evaluation in a real postharvest fruit system and supports the potential of E. lindleyanum extracts with high total alkaloid content for natural antioxidant-based preservation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules31183352","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T16:06:51Z","timestamp":1790006811000},"page":"3352","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Ultrasound-Assisted Deep Eutectic Solvent Extraction of Total Alkaloids from Eupatorium lindleyanum: Process Optimization and Preservation Application in Postharvest Grapes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8012-0923","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhimeng","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Regional Specific Resource Pharmaceutical Transformation, Huai\u2019an University, Huai\u2019an 223003, China"},{"name":"National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Mineral Salt Deep Utilization, Huai\u2019an University, Huai\u2019an 223003, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Hanbing","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Regional Specific Resource Pharmaceutical Transformation, Huai\u2019an University, Huai\u2019an 223003, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Ling","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Regional Specific Resource Pharmaceutical Transformation, Huai\u2019an University, Huai\u2019an 223003, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Yanwen","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Regional Specific Resource Pharmaceutical Transformation, Huai\u2019an University, Huai\u2019an 223003, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Menghan","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Regional Specific Resource Pharmaceutical Transformation, Huai\u2019an University, Huai\u2019an 223003, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Yanming","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Regional Specific Resource Pharmaceutical Transformation, Huai\u2019an University, Huai\u2019an 223003, China"},{"name":"National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Mineral Salt Deep Utilization, Huai\u2019an University, Huai\u2019an 223003, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Regional Specific Resource Pharmaceutical Transformation, Huai\u2019an University, Huai\u2019an 223003, China"},{"name":"National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Mineral Salt Deep Utilization, Huai\u2019an University, Huai\u2019an 223003, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"46","article-title":"Advances in Researches on Use of Alkaloids","volume":"17","author":"Duan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Beverage Ind."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2019.01.026","article-title":"The influence of alkaloids on oxidative stress and related signaling pathways","volume":"134","author":"Afonso","year":"2019","journal-title":"Free Radic. 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