{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T11:54:54Z","timestamp":1790769294594,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790726400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Melaleuca ericifolia Sm., commonly known as paperbark, is a shrub or small tree native to Australia that has been introduced and cultivated in various regions worldwide due to its adaptability and diverse applications. In the present study, the chemical composition and biological activity of the essential oil isolated from this species are investigated. The essential oil was extracted through steam distillation. The qualitative and quantitative chemical composition of the essential oil was determined by gas chromatography. The enantiomeric distribution was determined using two enantioselective chromatographic columns. Antimicrobial activity was determined using the broth microdilution method against four Gram-negative bacilli, a Gram-positive bacillus, three Gram-positive cocci, one fungus and one yeast. The antioxidant activity was determined using ABTS and DPPH assays. Anticholinesterase activity was determined using a spectrophotometric method. The forty-seven compounds identified accounted for 99.74% of the overall composition. Oxygenated monoterpenes were the most representative group in terms of number of compounds (fourteen) and in terms of relative abundance (72.50%). The most abundant constituents were 1,8-cineole (61.85 \u00b1 1.46%), limonene (11.23 \u00b1 0.16%), \u03b1-terpineol (7.99 \u00b1 0.10%), \u03b1-pinene (4.97 \u00b1 0.17%) and \u03b2-pinene (3.71 \u00b1 0.17%). Five pairs of enantiomers were identified in the essential oil from leaves of Melaleuca ericifolia. The essential oil presented MICs of 2000 and 4000 \u03bcg\/mL against Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger, respectively. The antioxidant activity was weak with a SC50 of 2 mg\/mL in the ABTS assay. The essential oil exhibited moderate anticholinesterase activity, with an IC50 of 73.6 \u00b1 1.0 \u00b5g\/mL. This study provides the first comprehensive analysis of the chemical composition and biological activities of the essential oil isolated from leaves of Melaleuca ericifolia Sm. cultivated in the Americas. Furthermore, the enantiomeric distribution and antioxidant and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities of this essential oil are reported for the first time.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules31193486","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T10:59:25Z","timestamp":1790765965000},"page":"3486","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Essential Oil of Melaleuca ericifolia Sm.: Chemical Composition, Enantiomeric Distribution, and Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, and Anticholinesterase Activities"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9958-5042","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eduardo","family":"Valarezo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Qu\u00edmica y Producci\u00f3n, Universidad T\u00e9cnica Particular de Loja, Loja 1101608, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Alejandro","family":"Alvear-Coba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carrera de Ingenier\u00eda Qu\u00edmica, Universidad T\u00e9cnica Particular de Loja, Loja 1101608, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"software","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Seraquive-Paqui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carrera de Bioqu\u00edmica y Farmacia, Universidad T\u00e9cnica Particular de Loja, Loja 1101608, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"software","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3136-4419","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ximena","family":"Jaramillo-Fierro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Qu\u00edmica y Producci\u00f3n, Universidad T\u00e9cnica Particular de Loja, Loja 1101608, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0608-8990","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James","family":"Calva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Qu\u00edmica y Producci\u00f3n, Universidad T\u00e9cnica Particular de Loja, Loja 1101608, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"software","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6553-3145","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel Angel","family":"Meneses","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Qu\u00edmica y Producci\u00f3n, Universidad T\u00e9cnica Particular de Loja, Loja 1101608, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2007.09.106","article-title":"Biological effects of essential oils\u2014A review","volume":"46","author":"Bakkali","year":"2008","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2004.03.022","article-title":"Essential oils: Their antibacterial properties and potential applications in foods\u2014A review","volume":"94","author":"Burt","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int. J. Food Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sharifi-Rad, J., Sureda, A., Tenore, G.C., Daglia, M., Sharifi-Rad, M., Valussi, M., Tundis, R., Sharifi-Rad, M., Loizzo, M.R., and Ademiluyi, A.O. (2017). Biological Activities of Essential Oils: From Plant Chemoecology to Traditional Healing Systems. Molecules, 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules22010070"},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Florou-Paneri, P., Christaki, E., and Giannenas, I. (2020). Chapter 6\u2014Distribution of aromatic plants in the world and their properties. Feed Additives, Academic Press."},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"(2025, January 20). WFO Plant List. Myrtaceae Juss. Available online: https:\/\/www.worldfloraonline.org\/taxon\/wfo-7000000404."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kubitzki, K. (2011). Myrtaceae. Flowering Plants. Eudicots: Sapindales, Cucurbitales, Myrtaceae, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-14397-7"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e202401503","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.202401503","article-title":"Essential Oils of Neotropical Myrtaceae Species From 2011 Until 2023: An Update","volume":"22","author":"Verdan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chem. Biodivers."},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"(2025, May 20). WFO Plant List. Melaleuca L. Available online: https:\/\/worldfloraonline.org\/taxon\/wfo-4000023565."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sajb.2023.08.052","article-title":"Melaleuca (Myrtaceae): Biogeography of an important genus of trees and shrubs in a changing world","volume":"162","author":"Potgieter","year":"2023","journal-title":"S. Afr. J. Bot."},{"key":"ref_10","unstructured":"Brophy, J.J., Craven, L.A., and Doran, J.C. (2013). Melaleucas: Their Botany, Essential Oils and Uses."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.31415\/bjns.v3i1.89","article-title":"Melaleuca spp. essential oil and its medical applicability. A Brief Review","volume":"3","author":"Oliveira","year":"2020","journal-title":"Braz. J. Nat. Sci."},{"key":"ref_12","unstructured":"Robinson, R.W. (2007). Regeneration Mechanisms in Swamp Paperbark (Melaleuca ericifolia Sm.) and Their Implications for Wetland Rehabilitation. [Ph.D. Thesis, Victoria University]."},{"key":"ref_13","unstructured":"Tropicos.org. (2026, January 15). Missouri Botanical Garden. Melaleuca ericifolia Sm. Available online: https:\/\/www.tropicos.org\/name\/22102195."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Borotov\u00e1, P., Galovi\u010dov\u00e1, L., Vukovic, N.L., Vukic, M., Tvrd\u00e1, E., and Ka\u010d\u00e1niov\u00e1, M. (2022). Chemical and Biological Characterization of Melaleuca alternifolia Essential Oil. Plants, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants11040558"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.2174\/1574885518666230228103854","article-title":"Tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia) Essential Oil Concentration in Microemulsion with Antibacterial and Antifungal Activity: An Overview","volume":"18","author":"Upadhyay","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr. Drug ther."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1111\/1541-4337.12006","article-title":"Stability of Essential Oils: A Review","volume":"12","author":"Turek","year":"2013","journal-title":"Compr. Rev. Food Sci. Food Saf."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10743","DOI":"10.15446\/rfnam.v77n2.109468","article-title":"Chemical composition and biological evaluation of tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia L.) leaves essential oils","volume":"77","author":"Quyen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Rev. Fac. Nac. Agron. Medell\u00edn."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.20886\/jphh.2013.31.4.235-241","article-title":"Characteristics of Leaf and Essential Oil Yield of Five Cajuput Tree Species","volume":"31","author":"Widiyanto","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Penelit. Has. Hutan"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jones, T.G.H., and Haenke, W.J. (1937). Essential oils from the Queensland flora. Part IX, Melaleuca viridiflora. Part 1. Essential Oils from the Queensland Flora, The Uniiversity of Queensland.","DOI":"10.5962\/p.351621"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.4067\/S0719-38902016000200006","article-title":"Relationship between refractive index and thymol concentration in essential oils of Lippia origanoides Kunth","volume":"32","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chil. J. Agric. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_21","unstructured":"American Chemical Society (2026, June 29). CAS SciFinder. Available online: https:\/\/scifinder-n.cas.org\/."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1246\/nikkashi1948.77.363","article-title":"Studies on the essential oils of the genus. Orthodon (Labiatae) indigenous to the east Asia. LIII. essential oil of Orthodon angustifolium Masamune","volume":"77","author":"Fujita","year":"1956","journal-title":"Nippon Kagaku Zassi"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1945","DOI":"10.1080\/14786419.2011.628175","article-title":"Investigation on phenylpropanoids rich Melaleuca decora (Salisb.) Britt. essential oil","volume":"26","author":"Gupta","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Res."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1002\/ffj.1649","article-title":"Occurrence of various chemotypes in niaouli [Melaleuca quinquenervia (Cav.) S. T. Blake] essential oil from New Caledonia","volume":"21","author":"Trilles","year":"2006","journal-title":"Flavour Fragr. J."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1472-765X.2009.02740.x","article-title":"In vitro antiviral activity of Melaleuca alternifolia essential oil","volume":"49","author":"Garozzo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lett. Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.1348","article-title":"Chemical and biological evaluation of the essential oils of different Melaleuca species","volume":"18","author":"Farag","year":"2004","journal-title":"Phytother. Res."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1007\/s42535-023-00578-5","article-title":"Allopathic potential of essential oil extracts on weeds germination and seedlings growth in sustainable agriculture: The phytochemical study of Tunisia\u2019s two Melaleuca species","volume":"37","author":"Khedhri","year":"2024","journal-title":"Vegetos"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"V\u00e1zquez, A., Tabanca, N., and Kendra, P.E. (2023). HPTLC Analysis and Chemical Composition of Selected Melaleuca Essential Oils. Molecules, 28.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28093925"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1080\/10412905.2004.9698635","article-title":"Geographic Variation in Oil Characteristics in Melaleuca ericifolia","volume":"16","author":"Brophy","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Essent. Oil Res."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1080\/10412905.2006.9699176","article-title":"An Investigation of the Leaf Oils of the Western Australian Broombush Complex (Melaleuca uncinata sens. lat.) (Myrtaceae)","volume":"18","author":"Brophy","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Essent. Oil Res."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.17660\/ActaHortic.2005.677.10","article-title":"Melaleuca teretifolia, a novel aromatic and medicinal plant from Australia","volume":"677","author":"Southwell","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc. Acta Hortic."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02980444","article-title":"Fumigant toxicity of Eucalyptus blakelyi and Melaleuca fulgens essential oils and 1,8-cineole against different development stages of the rice weevil Sitophilus oryzae","volume":"32","author":"Lee","year":"2004","journal-title":"Phytoparasitica"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1080\/0972060X.2005.10643415","article-title":"Chemical Composition of the Essential Oil from Fresh Leaves of Melaleuca leucadendron L. from North India","volume":"8","author":"Kumar","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Essent. Oil-Bear. Plants"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2015.01.066","article-title":"Enantiomeric distribution of selected terpenes for authenticity assessment of Australian Melaleuca alternifolia oil","volume":"67","author":"Wong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ind. Crops Prod."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1080\/0972060X.2022.2040386","article-title":"Biocompatibility and Antibacterial Potential of the Cinnamomum camphora cineoliferum (L.) J. Presl. and Melaleuca ericifolia Sm. Essential Oils Against Facultative and Obligate Endodontic Anaerobes","volume":"25","author":"Marinkovic","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Essent. Oil-Bear. Plants"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kl\u016bga, A., Terentjeva, M., Vukovic, N.L., and Ka\u010d\u00e1niov\u00e1, M. (2021). Antimicrobial Activity and Chemical Composition of Essential Oils against Pathogenic Microorganisms of Freshwater Fish. Plants, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants10071265"},{"key":"ref_37","first-page":"2396109","article-title":"In Vitro Evaluation of Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Melaleuca alternifolia Essential Oil","volume":"2018","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"BioMed Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109000","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2022.109000","article-title":"Unveiling the cellular and molecular mode of action of Melaleuca cajuputi Powell. essential oil against aflatoxigenic strains of Aspergillus flavus isolated from stored maize samples","volume":"138","author":"Chaudhari","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Control"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/10412905.2025.2598548","article-title":"Integrated enantioselective GC-MS\/FID analysis for comprehensive quality control of citrus essential oils","volume":"38","author":"Bechis","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Essent. Oil Res."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Santos, T.C.d., Gomes, T.M., Pinto, B.A.S., Camara, A.L., and Paes, A.M.d.A. (2018). Naturally Occurring Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors and Their Potential Use for Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Therapy. Front. Pharmacol., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2018.01192"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1002\/ffj.1580","article-title":"Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity by tea tree oil and constituent terpenoids","volume":"21","author":"Miyazawa","year":"2006","journal-title":"Flavour Fragr. J."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1211\/0022357022773","article-title":"Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase by Tea Tree oil","volume":"56","author":"Mills","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_43","first-page":"549510","article-title":"Activity of tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia) essential oil against L3 larvae of Anisakis simplex","volume":"2014","author":"Langa","year":"2014","journal-title":"BioMed Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.56808\/3027-7922.2363","article-title":"Screening of acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity in essential oil from Myrtaceae","volume":"43","author":"Petrachaianan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Thai J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2015.01.006","article-title":"Acetylcholinesterase activity of electric eel is increased or decreased by selected monoterpenoids and phenylpropanoids in a concentration-dependent manner","volume":"229","author":"Campoy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chem. Biol. Interact."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sajb.2019.07.031","article-title":"Screening of non-alkaloid acetylcholinesterase inhibitors from extracts and essential oils of Anthriscus nemorosa (M.Bieb.) Spreng. (Apiaceae)","volume":"125","author":"Karakaya","year":"2019","journal-title":"S. Afr. J. Bot."},{"key":"ref_47","unstructured":"(2020). Essential Oils\u2014Determination of Relative Density at 20 \u00b0C\u2014Reference Method (Standard No. ISO 279:1998)."},{"key":"ref_48","unstructured":"(2020). Essential Oils\u2014Determination of Refractive Index (Standard No. ISO 280:1998)."},{"key":"ref_49","unstructured":"(2020). Essential Oils\u2014Determination of Optical Rotation (Standard No. ISO 592:1998)."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9673(01)80947-X","article-title":"A generalization of the retention index system including linear temperature programmed gas-liquid partition chromatography","volume":"11","author":"Kratz","year":"1963","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"ref_51","unstructured":"Adams, R.P. (2007). Identification of Essential Oil Components by Gas Chromatography\/Mass Spectrometry, Allured Publishing Corporation. [4th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1080\/10412905.2020.1848650","article-title":"Volatile and non-volatile metabolite study of endemic ecuadorian specie Piper lanceifolium Kunth","volume":"33","author":"Valarezo","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Essent. Oil Res."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Valarezo, E., Lude\u00f1a, J., Echeverria-Coronel, E., Cartuche, L., Meneses, M.A., Calva, J., and Morocho, V. (2022). Enantiomeric Composition, Antioxidant Capacity and Anticholinesterase Activity of Essential Oil from Leaves of Chirimoya (Annona cherimola Mill.). Plants, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants11030367"},{"key":"ref_54","unstructured":"Jaiswal, A.K. (2020). Chapter 22\u2014Orange. Nutritional Composition and Antioxidant Properties of Fruits and Vegetables, Academic Press."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Valarezo, E., Gaona-Granda, G., Morocho, V., Cartuche, L., Calva, J., and Meneses, M.A. (2021). Chemical Constituents of the Essential Oil from Ecuadorian Endemic Species Croton ferrugineus and Its Antimicrobial, Antioxidant and \u03b1-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity. Molecules, 26.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26154608"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(61)90145-9","article-title":"A new and rapid colorimetric determination of acetylcholinesterase activity","volume":"7","author":"Ellman","year":"1961","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Valarezo, E., Rivera, J.X., Coronel, E., Barzallo, M.A., Calva, J., Cartuche, L., and Meneses, M.A. (2021). Study of Volatile Secondary Metabolites Present in Piper carpunya Leaves and in the Traditional Ecuadorian Beverage Guaviduca. Plants, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants10020338"}],"container-title":["Molecules"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/31\/19\/3486\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T11:00:02Z","timestamp":1790766002000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/31\/19\/3486"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"19","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["molecules31193486"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules31193486","relation":{},"ISSN":["1420-3049"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1420-3049","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]}}}