{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T21:12:04Z","timestamp":1792789924884,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790985600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Prairie View A&amp;M University","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0449kf092","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0449kf092","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Catalysts play a crucial role in many chemical reactions, and the synthesis of green catalysts that are economical, selective, and active is important in addressing environmental pollution, a persistent global problem. This study investigates the electrochemical behavior and catalytic efficiency of green-synthesized iron-titanium (Fe-Ti) nanoparticles (NPs) for dye degradation. Three distinct types of NPs were synthesized using an environmentally friendly green approach with dextrose as the reducing agent: pure Fe NPs, pure Ti NPs, and mixed Fe-Ti NPs. The synthesized NPs were characterized using FTIR, XPS, XRD, SEM, and EDS to determine their structural, morphological, and chemical properties, and their redox behavior was evaluated by cyclic voltammetry (CV). Characterizations identified the Fe component as a mixed-valence, chloride-bearing Fe (oxyhydr)oxide most consistent with an akaganeite-type (\u03b2-FeOOH) phase and the Ti component as an amorphous Ti4+ titania, with the mixed material containing a minor, well-dispersed Fe (oxyhydr)oxide component that preserves accessible Fe3+\/Fe2+ redox activity within the amorphous titania framework. Cyclic voltammetry studies showed that the mixed Fe-Ti NPs possessed the largest electroactive response, with an enclosed voltammetric area of 22.20 \u00b5A\u00b7V compared with 18.85 and 14.20 \u00b5A\u00b7V for the Ti and Fe NPs, together with the narrowest polarization gap, indicating the largest overall electrochemical response. The catalytic performance was evaluated through methyl orange (MO) dye degradation followed by UV-Vis spectroscopy, using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as the oxidant with the NPs acting as heterogeneous catalysts in a Fenton-like advanced oxidation process. The mixed Fe-Ti NPs degraded 77.5% of the dye within 60 min, substantially exceeding the Ti NPs (45.1%), the Fe NPs (30.8%), and the catalyst-free control (3.4%). This enhancement is attributed to the combined action of the two components, in which the amorphous titania framework disperses and stabilizes redox-active Fe3+\/Fe2+ centers, coupling the enhanced electrochemical response directly to the Fenton-like generation of reactive radicals that drive dye degradation. These findings show that green-synthesized mixed Fe-Ti NPs represent a promising, dextrose-mediated approach for environmental remediation, particularly in wastewater treatment involving organic dye pollutants.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules31193525","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T10:02:27Z","timestamp":1791194547000},"page":"3525","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Electrochemical and Catalytic Efficiency of Green-Synthesized Fe, Ti, and Mixed Fe\u2013Ti Nanoparticles"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-0019-3674","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shamika P. W. R.","family":"Hewage","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, TX 77446, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Collin","family":"Byas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, TX 77446, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Debra","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, TX 77446, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Viviana","family":"Salazar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, TX 77446, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9866-9877","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tony L.","family":"Grady","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, TX 77446, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Harshica","family":"Fernando","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, TX 77446, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"supervision","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2021.113160","article-title":"A critical review on the treatment of dye-containing wastewater: Ecotoxicological and health concerns of textile dyes and possible remediation approaches for environmental safety","volume":"231","author":"Ali","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e02711","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2019.e02711","article-title":"Textile finishing dyes and their impact on aquatic environs","volume":"5","author":"Berradi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124082","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2020.124082","article-title":"Heterogeneous Fenton catalysts: A review of recent advances","volume":"404","author":"Thomas","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180072","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2026.180072","article-title":"The three-electron oxygen reduction reaction for hydroxyl radical generation: Mechanistic insights and catalysts design for environmental applications","volume":"547","author":"Chen","year":"2026","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3915","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jchemed.6c00483","article-title":"Design of Cu-Doped Goethite for Fenton-like Degradation of Tetracycline: An Integrative Undergraduate Laboratory Module in Wastewater Remediation","volume":"103","author":"Jin","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Chem. Educ."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-58110-7","article-title":"Enhanced photocatalytic and electrochemical performance of TiO2-Fe2O3 nanocomposite: Its applications in dye decolorization and as supercapacitors","volume":"10","author":"Kumar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103676","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jece.2020.103676","article-title":"Enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen production and degradation of organic pollutants from Fe (III) doped TiO2 nanoparticles","volume":"8","author":"Ismael","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Environ. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1007\/s11431-015-5801-8","article-title":"TiO2-doped Fe3O4 nanoparticles as high-performance Fenton-like catalyst for dye decoloration","volume":"58","author":"Yang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. China Technol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13940","DOI":"10.1021\/ja029267j","article-title":"Completely \u201cgreen\u201d synthesis and stabilization of metal nanoparticles","volume":"125","author":"Raveendran","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hewage, S.P., and Fernando, H. (2025). Green Synthesis and Characterization of Fe-Ti Mixed Nanoparticles for Enhanced Lead Removal from Aqueous Solutions. Molecules, 30.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules30091902"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1038\/s41545-023-00251-z","article-title":"Iron-organic frameworks as effective fenton-like catalysts for peroxymonosulfate decomposition in advanced oxidation processes","volume":"6","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"npj Clean Water"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34464","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-022-18669-2","article-title":"Persulfate activation by ferrocene-based metal\u2013organic framework microspheres for efficient oxidation of orange acid 7","volume":"29","author":"Lv","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jece.2017.04.028","article-title":"Comparative study of GO and reduced GO coated graphite electrodes for decolorization of acidic and basic dyes from aqueous solutions through heterogeneous electro-Fenton process","volume":"5","author":"Akerdi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Environ. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2018.05.013","article-title":"Simultaneous and fast removal of As3+, As5+, Cd2+, Cu2+, Pb2+ and F\u2212 from water with composite Fe-Ti oxides nanoparticles","volume":"757","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Alloys Compd."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.powtec.2013.03.027","article-title":"Gas phase synthesis of encapsulated iron oxide\u2013titanium dioxide composite nanoparticles by spray pyrolysis","volume":"243","author":"Harra","year":"2013","journal-title":"Powder Technol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jlumin.2015.12.002","article-title":"Investigation of the role of iron doping on the structural, optical and photoluminescence properties of sol\u2013gel derived TiO2 nanoparticles","volume":"172","author":"Husain","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Lumin."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e10199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2022.e10199","article-title":"Structure, light absorption properties and photocatalytic activity of carbon-containing titania nanocomposites synthesized via a facile sol\u2013gel method","volume":"8","author":"Moussa","year":"2022","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1096","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-577X(02)00937-0","article-title":"Some factors influencing forced hydrolysis of FeCl3 solutions","volume":"57","author":"Krehula","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mater. Lett."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.2138\/am-2000-5-609","article-title":"The infrared spectrum of synthetic akagan\u00e9ite, \u03b2-FeOOH","volume":"85","author":"Murad","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. Mineral."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4595","DOI":"10.1021\/cm010310w","article-title":"Synthesis and Anion Exchange of Tunnel Structure Akaganeite","volume":"13","author":"Cai","year":"2001","journal-title":"Chem. Mater."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2804","DOI":"10.1021\/am1004943","article-title":"Vibrational spectroscopic characterization of hematite, maghemite, and magnetite thin films produced by vapor deposition","volume":"2","author":"Jubb","year":"2010","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Le\u00f3n, A., Reuquen, P., Gar\u00edn, C., Segura, R., Vargas, P., Zapata, P., and Orihuela, P.A. (2017). FTIR and Raman characterization of TiO2 nanoparticles coated with polyethylene glycol as carrier for 2-methoxyestradiol. Appl. Sci., 7.","DOI":"10.3390\/app7010049"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mseb.2015.12.005","article-title":"Facile radiolytic synthesis of ruthenium nanoparticles on graphene oxide and carbon nanotubes","volume":"205","author":"Rojas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. B"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, T.-T., Shi, B.-Y., Jiang, L.-W., Zheng, J.-F., and Wang, J.-J. (2022). Design and preparation of NiFe2O4@FeOOH composite electrocatalyst for highly efficient and stable oxygen evolution reaction. Molecules, 27.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27217438"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ces.2019.115210","article-title":"Preparation of copper nanoparticles for metal-metal bonding by aqueous reduction with d-glucose and PVP","volume":"209","author":"Granata","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. Sci."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1564","DOI":"10.1002\/sia.1984","article-title":"Investigation of multiplet splitting of Fe 2p XPS spectra and bonding in iron compounds","volume":"36","author":"Grosvenor","year":"2004","journal-title":"Surf. Interface Anal."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125698","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2021.125698","article-title":"Sustainable biochar\/MgFe2O4 adsorbent for levofloxacin removal: Adsorption performances and mechanisms","volume":"340","author":"Yao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2717","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2010.10.051","article-title":"Resolving surface chemical states in XPS analysis of first row transition metals, oxides and hydroxides: Cr, Mn, Fe, Co and Ni","volume":"257","author":"Biesinger","year":"2011","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2441","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2007.09.063","article-title":"Analysis of XPS spectra of Fe2+ and Fe3+ ions in oxide materials","volume":"254","author":"Yamashita","year":"2008","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2010.07.086","article-title":"Resolving surface chemical states in XPS analysis of first row transition metals, oxides and hydroxides: Sc, Ti, V, Cu and Zn","volume":"257","author":"Biesinger","year":"2010","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2100142","DOI":"10.1002\/aelm.202100142","article-title":"All-solid-state oxygen ion electrochemical random-access memory for neuromorphic computing","volume":"7","author":"Nikam","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Electron. Mater."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cattod.2004.09.051","article-title":"Conversion of natural gas to hydrogen and carbon black by plasma and application of plasma carbon black","volume":"98","author":"Cho","year":"2004","journal-title":"Catal. Today"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3746","DOI":"10.1021\/jp962702+","article-title":"Photocatalytic activity of amorphous\u2212 anatase mixture of titanium (IV) oxide particles suspended in aqueous solutions","volume":"101","author":"Ohtani","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. B"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2009.04.026","article-title":"The production of carbon materials by hydrothermal carbonization of cellulose","volume":"47","author":"Sevilla","year":"2009","journal-title":"Carbon"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Saif, S., Tahir, A., and Chen, Y. (2016). Green Synthesis of Iron Nanoparticles and Their Environmental Applications and Implications. Nanomaterials, 6.","DOI":"10.3390\/nano6110209"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17036","DOI":"10.1021\/jp204550k","article-title":"Surface Hydroxyl Identity and Reactivity in Akagan\u00e9ite","volume":"115","author":"Song","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. C"},{"key":"ref_37","first-page":"272","article-title":"Crystal structure refinement of akagan\u00e9ite","volume":"76","author":"Post","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am. Mineral."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.3390\/min5040524","article-title":"The Role of Chloride Ions during the Formation of Akagan\u00e9ite Revisited","volume":"5","author":"Scheck","year":"2015","journal-title":"Minerals"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16058","DOI":"10.1021\/ja409130c","article-title":"Iron Oxychloride (FeOCl): An Efficient Fenton-Like Catalyst for Producing Hydroxyl Radicals in Degradation of Organic Contaminants","volume":"135","author":"Yang","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1233638","article-title":"Photochemical Route for Accessing Amorphous Metal Oxide Materials for Water Oxidation Catalysis","volume":"340","author":"Smith","year":"2013","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1557","DOI":"10.1007\/s10800-023-02056-x","article-title":"Electrochemical properties of magnetite nanoparticles supported on carbon paste electrode in various electrolyte solutions: A study by cyclic voltammetry","volume":"54","author":"Corsini","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Appl. Electrochem."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ibarra, J., Aguirre, M.J., Del R\u00edo, R., Henriquez, R., Faccio, R., Dalchiele, E.A., Arce, R., and Ram\u00edrez, G. (2024). A-Fe2O3\/, Co3O4\/, and CoFe2O4\/MWCNTs\/ionic liquid nanocomposites as high-performance electrocatalysts for the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction in a neutral medium. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25137043"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.7b04411","article-title":"Mediated electrochemical reduction of iron (oxyhydr-) oxides under defined thermodynamic boundary conditions","volume":"52","author":"Aeppli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1021\/jp0265182","article-title":"Cyclic voltammetry studies of nanoporous semiconductors. Capacitive and reactive properties of nanocrystalline TiO2 electrodes in aqueous electrolyte","volume":"107","author":"Bisquert","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. B"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1007\/s10008-023-05770-w","article-title":"Electrochemistry and band structure of semiconductors (TiO2, SnO2, ZnO): Avoiding pitfalls and textbook errors","volume":"28","author":"Kavan","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Solid State Electrochem."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.electacta.2011.06.096","article-title":"Electrical and physical studies on 49% methyl-grafted natural rubber-based composite polymer gel electrolytes","volume":"57","author":"Kamisan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Electrochim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14550","DOI":"10.1039\/C4TA02026J","article-title":"Identifying pseudocapacitance of Fe2O3 in an ionic liquid and its application in asymmetric supercapacitors","volume":"2","author":"Sun","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. A"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11270","DOI":"10.1021\/ja202836s","article-title":"Role of Fe doping in tuning the band gap of TiO2 for the photo-oxidation-induced cytotoxicity paradigm","volume":"133","author":"George","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2174818","DOI":"10.1080\/17518253.2023.2174818","article-title":"Degradation of the dye methyl orange using cow and goat milk iron nanoparticles","volume":"16","author":"Gautam","year":"2023","journal-title":"Green Chem. Lett. Rev."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2017.03.060","article-title":"Dynamic models in research and management of biological invasions","volume":"196","author":"Buchadas","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manag."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2178","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.2013.475","article-title":"Visible light-degradation of azo dye methyl orange using TiO2\/\u03b2-FeOOH as a heterogeneous photo-Fenton-like catalyst","volume":"68","author":"Xu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Water Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Park, J., Lee, S., and Kim, S. (2022). Recent advances in amorphous electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction. Front. Chem., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fchem.2022.1030803"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4635","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.2c00684","article-title":"Critical review on the mechanisms of Fe2+ regeneration in the electro-Fenton process: Fundamentals and boosting strategies","volume":"123","author":"Deng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xcrp.2020.100149","article-title":"Cocatalytic Fenton reaction for pollutant control","volume":"1","author":"Yan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Rep. Phys. Sci."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2020.11.089","article-title":"Facile synthesis by laser ablation in liquid of nonequilibrium cobalt-silver nanoparticles with magnetic and plasmonic properties","volume":"585","author":"Guadagnini","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Colloid Interface Sci."}],"container-title":["Molecules"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/31\/19\/3525\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T10:03:11Z","timestamp":1791194591000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1420-3049\/31\/19\/3525"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"19","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["molecules31193525"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules31193525","relation":{},"ISSN":["1420-3049"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1420-3049","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]]}}}