{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T18:00:16Z","timestamp":1783101616690,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,16]],"date-time":"2024-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729036800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Facultad de Estomatolog\u00eda of Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["MPs"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The process of examiner calibration is an essential step in all epidemiological research, as it aims to ensure uniform interpretation, understanding, and application of the instrument to be used. This ensures that the data collected will be valid and reliable. This study aimed to determine the differences in concordance in dental caries calibration across three dental specialties. The population consisted of 45 dentists, divided into three groups: 15 general dentists working in the public sector, 15 dentists specializing in Dental Public Health, and 15 dentists specializing in Restorative and Aesthetic Dentistry. The calibration process was carried out in three stages: theory, calibration using photographs, and calibration on natural teeth, performed by the gold standard. In the first validity process, a statistical difference was only found between the Kappa values of the inter-examiner calibration process using photographs. For the evaluation of teeth, in the second validity process, 33.33% (n = 15) of the participants achieved \u201calmost perfect agreement.\u201d Finally, only 75.56% (n = 34) of the examiners were considered for the reliability report; of this group, 52.94% (n = 18) were in \u201calmost perfect agreement,\u201d and 35.29% (n = 12) were in \u201csubstantial agreement.\u201d The validity and reliability of the dental caries experience calibration process did not present significant statistical differences between general dentists in the public sector, dentists specializing in Dental Public Health, and dentists specializing in Restorative and Aesthetic Dentistry.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/mps7050083","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,16]],"date-time":"2024-10-16T10:11:04Z","timestamp":1729073464000},"page":"83","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Validity and Reliability According to the Type of Examiners in the Process of Calibrating Dental Caries Experience Using the DMFT Index"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6184-4328","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna Paola","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Coll","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Estomatolog\u00eda, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima 150135, Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4873-7661","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda Claudia","family":"Garc\u00e9s-El\u00edas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Estomatolog\u00eda, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima 150135, Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9910-0930","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge A.","family":"Beltr\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Estomatolog\u00eda, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima 150135, Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9641-1047","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberto A.","family":"Le\u00f3n-Manco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Estomatolog\u00eda, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima 150135, Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janett","family":"Mas-L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Estomatolog\u00eda, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima 150135, Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1111\/ipd.12783","article-title":"The global prevalence of early childhood caries: A systematic review with meta-analysis using the WHO diagnostic criteria","volume":"31","author":"Uribe","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Paediatr. Dent."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1111\/ipd.13072","article-title":"Multilevel calibration procedure for the oral health national multicenter survey in primary teeth","volume":"33","author":"Markovic","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Paediatr. Dent."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"950","article-title":"Comparing dental caries status using Modified International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) and World Health Organization (WHO) indices among school children of Bhakkar, Pakistan","volume":"69","author":"Taqi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Pak. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"WHO (2024, April 12). The Global Health Observatory. Mean Number of Decayed, Missing, and Filled Permanent Teeth (Mean DMFT) among the 12-Year-Old Age Group. Available online: https:\/\/www.who.int\/data\/gho\/indicator-metadata-registry\/imr-details\/3812."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e023","DOI":"10.1590\/1807-3107bor-2023.vol37.0023","article-title":"Longitudinal study for dental caries calibration of dentists unexperienced in epidemiological surveys","volume":"37","author":"Nabarrette","year":"2023","journal-title":"Braz. Oral Res."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rechmann, P., Jue, B., Santo, W., Rechmann, B.M.T., and Featherstone, J.D.B. (2018). Calibration of dentists for Caries Management by Risk Assessment Research in a Practice Based Research Network\u2014CAMBRA PBRN. BMC Oral Health, 18.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-017-0457-3"},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"Petersen, P.E., and Baez, R.J. (2013). Reliability and validity of data. Book Oral Health Surveys: Basic Methods, World Health Organization. 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Oral Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.piro.2014.07.003","article-title":"Grado de concordancia de los \u00edndices m\u00e1s utilizados en estudios epidemiol\u00f3gicos de la enfermedad periodontal","volume":"7","author":"Araya","year":"2014","journal-title":"Rev. Clin. Periodoncia Implantol. Rehabil. Oral."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1752-7325.2000.tb03294.x","article-title":"Dean\u2019s fluorosis index: An assessment of examiner reliability","volume":"60","author":"Kumar","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Public Health Dent."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10005-1089","article-title":"International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS): A New Concept","volume":"4","author":"Gugnani","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Pediatr. Dent."},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"248","article-title":"Examiner calibration in caries detection for populations and settings where in vivo calibration is not practical","volume":"34","author":"Christian","year":"2017","journal-title":"Community Dent. Health"}],"container-title":["Methods and Protocols"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2409-9279\/7\/5\/83\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T16:14:11Z","timestamp":1760112851000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2409-9279\/7\/5\/83"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,16]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]}},"alternative-id":["mps7050083"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mps7050083","relation":{},"ISSN":["2409-9279"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2409-9279","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,16]]}}}