{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T03:40:27Z","timestamp":1776310827484,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,20]],"date-time":"2024-12-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734652800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["MPs"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The accurate measurement of spatiotemporal parameters, such as step length and step frequency, is crucial for analyzing running and sprinting performance. Traditional methods like video analysis and force platforms are either time consuming or limited in scope, prompting the need for more efficient technologies. This study evaluates the effectiveness of a commercial Global Positioning System (GPS) unit integrated with an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) in capturing these parameters during sprints at varying velocities. Five experienced male runners performed six 40 m sprints at three velocity conditions (S: Slow, M: Medium, F: Fast) while equipped with a GPS-IMU system and an optical system as the gold standard reference. A total of 398 steps were analyzed for this study. Step frequency, step length and step velocity were extracted and compared using statistical methods, including the coefficient of determination (r2) and root mean square error (RMSE). Results indicated a very large agreement between the embedded system and the reference system, for the step frequency (r2 = 0.92, RMSE = 0.14 Hz), for the step length (r2 = 0.91, RMSE = 0.07 m) and the step velocity (r2 = 0.99, RMSE = 0.17 m\/s). The GPS-IMU system accurately measured spatiotemporal parameters across different running velocities, demonstrating low relative errors and high precision. This study demonstrates that GPS-IMU systems can provide comprehensive spatiotemporal data, making them valuable for both training and competition. The integration of these technologies offers practical benefits, helping coaches better understand and enhance running performance. Future improvements in sample rate acquisition GPS-IMU technology could further increase measurement accuracy and expand its application in elite sports.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/mps7060103","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,20]],"date-time":"2024-12-20T08:40:25Z","timestamp":1734684025000},"page":"103","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Measurement of Spatiotemporal Parameters in Running at Different Velocities: A Comparison Between a GPS Unit and an Infrared Mat"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4610-9231","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Provot","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"EPF\u2013Engineering School, 55 Avenue du Pr\u00e9sident Wilson, 94230 Cachan, France"},{"name":"Arts et M\u00e9tiers Institute of Technology, Institut de Biom\u00e9canique Humaine Georges Charpak, IBHGC, UR 4494, 75013 Paris, France, Universit\u00e9 Sorbonne Paris Nord, 93000 Bobigny, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5896-1029","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin","family":"Millot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"French Athletics Federation (FFA), 75013 Paris, France"},{"name":"Laboratory Sport, Expertise and Performance (EA 7370), French Institute of Sport (INSEP), 75012 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eline","family":"Hazotte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EPF\u2013Engineering School, 55 Avenue du Pr\u00e9sident Wilson, 94230 Cachan, France"},{"name":"Arts et M\u00e9tiers Institute of Technology, Institut de Biom\u00e9canique Humaine Georges Charpak, IBHGC, UR 4494, 75013 Paris, France, Universit\u00e9 Sorbonne Paris Nord, 93000 Bobigny, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-8749-5105","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Rousseau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EPF\u2013Engineering School, 55 Avenue du Pr\u00e9sident Wilson, 94230 Cachan, France"},{"name":"Arts et M\u00e9tiers Institute of Technology, Institut de Biom\u00e9canique Humaine Georges Charpak, IBHGC, UR 4494, 75013 Paris, France, Universit\u00e9 Sorbonne Paris Nord, 93000 Bobigny, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4933-0882","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean","family":"Slawinski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Sport, Expertise and Performance (EA 7370), French Institute of Sport (INSEP), 75012 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1249\/01.MSS.0000113664.15777.53","article-title":"Interaction of Step Length and Step Rate during Sprint Running","volume":"36","author":"Hunter","year":"2004","journal-title":"Med. 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