{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T09:27:00Z","timestamp":1791538020229,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"JSPS KAKENHI","award":["19H03940"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19H03940"]}]},{"name":"JSPS KAKENHI","award":["22H03399"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22H03399"]}]},{"name":"JSPS KAKENHI","award":["23K24657"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23K24657"]}]},{"name":"JSPS KAKENHI","award":["19K22741"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19K22741"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["MPs"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The prevalence of low-birth-weight infants has increased over the past 40 years to approximately 9\u201310% of Japanese live births. This study aims to identify healthy lifestyle behaviors and psychosocial factors contributing to appropriate perinatal outcomes, gestational weight gain, and postpartum weight change. The Japan Pregnancy, Eating, Activity, and Cohort study was initiated in 2020 in Tokyo, Yamagata\/Miyagi, Osaka, and Fukuoka. Participants will be enrolled at approximately 12 weeks of gestation, with follow-up at 18\u201327 and 35\u201341 weeks of gestation and 1, 6, and 12 months postpartum. Approximately 3000 participants are targeted: Yamagata\/Miyagi (n = 300), Tokyo (n = 1500), Osaka (n = 800), and Fukuoka (n = 400). Participants will complete questionnaires on healthy lifestyle behaviors (dietary intake, physical activity, and circadian rhythm), psychosocial factors, weight control, and behavioral intentions. Medical records will be reviewed for antenatal checkup data. The primary outcomes will include gestational weight gain, infant birth weight, perinatal complications, breastfeeding, and postpartum weight change. Demographic and psychosocial factors and lifestyle behaviors will be examined as covariates and potential confounders. Biological samples will be collected in Tokyo and Yamagata. The study\u2019s findings will inform efforts to improve perinatal care guidelines through evidence-based recommendations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/mps8060128","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T13:22:36Z","timestamp":1762176156000},"page":"128","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Study Protocol for the Japan Pregnancy, Eating, Activity, Cohort (J-PEACH) Study: Investigating Perinatal Maternal Lifestyle and Infant Health"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7727-7417","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Megumi","family":"Haruna","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Midwifery and Women\u2019s Health, Division of Health Sciences and Nursing, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan"},{"name":"Global Nursing Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8881-6367","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Megumi","family":"Fujita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Nursing, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5296-8852","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masayo","family":"Matsuzaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Midwifery and Women\u2019s Health, Division of Health Sciences and Nursing, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Reproductive Health Nursing, Graduate School of Health Care Sciences, Institute of Science, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3320-9762","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mie","family":"Shiraishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Midwifery and Women\u2019s Health, Division of Health Sciences and Nursing, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Children\u2019s and Women\u2019s Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Osaka, Osaka 565-0871, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naoko","family":"Hikita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Midwifery and Women\u2019s Health, Division of Health Sciences and Nursing, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-5867-5187","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoshiko","family":"Suetsugu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoko","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8160-3721","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kaori","family":"Yonezawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Midwifery and Women\u2019s Health, Division of Health Sciences and Nursing, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan"},{"name":"Global Nursing Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-7035-130X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Moeko","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Midwifery and Women\u2019s Health, Division of Health Sciences and Nursing, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan"},{"name":"Global Nursing Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Riko","family":"Ohori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Midwifery and Women\u2019s Health, Division of Health Sciences and Nursing, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan"},{"name":"Global Nursing Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-3025-3594","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Satoko","family":"Aoyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Midwifery and Women\u2019s Health, Division of Health Sciences and Nursing, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moeri","family":"Yokoyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Midwifery and Women\u2019s Health, Division of Health Sciences and Nursing, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayano","family":"Takeuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrated Science and Engineering for Sustainable Societies, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takeshi","family":"Nagamatsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology, International University of Healthcare and Welfare, Chiba 286-8686, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Sasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social and Preventive Epidemiology, School of Public Health\/Division of Health Sciences and Nursing, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"eStat: The Portal Site of Official Statistics of Japan (2025, August 13). Annual Report on Vital Statistics 2023, (In Japanese)."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Takemoto, Y., Ota, E., Yoneoka, D., Mori, R., and Takeda, S. (2016). Japanese secular trends in birthweight and the prevalence of low birthweight infants during the last three decades: A population-based study. Sci. Rep., 6.","DOI":"10.1038\/srep31396"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mine, T., Tsuboi, S., and Fukushima, F. (2021). Twenty-year trends of low birth weight in Japan: A joinpoint regression analysis of data from 2000 to 2019. Front. Reprod. Health, 3.","DOI":"10.3389\/frph.2021.772575"},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development (2025, August 13). OECD Family Database. Available online: https:\/\/web-archive.oecd.org\/2020-09-22\/129022-CO_1_3_Low_birth_weight.pdf."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1080\/10408363.2017.1422109","article-title":"Maternal obesity, diabetes during pregnancy and epigenetic mechanisms that influence the developmental origins of cardiometabolic disease in the offspring","volume":"55","author":"Agarwal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Clin. Lab. Sci."},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"158","article-title":"Fetal origins of adult disease","volume":"41","author":"Calkins","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr. Probl. Pediatr. Adolesc. Health Care"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(86)91340-1","article-title":"Infant mortality, childhood nutrition, and ischaemic heart disease in England and Wales","volume":"1","author":"Barker","year":"1986","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"434","article-title":"Pre-pregnancy body mass index as a predictor of low birth weight infants in Japan","volume":"26","author":"Murai","year":"2017","journal-title":"Asia Pac. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0412.2011.01185.x","article-title":"Low gestational weight gain and the risk of preterm birth and low birthweight: A systematic review and meta-analyses","volume":"90","author":"Han","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Obstet. Gynecol. Scand."},{"key":"ref_10","unstructured":"Japan Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (2025, August 13). National Health and Nutrition Survey, (In Japanese)."},{"key":"ref_11","unstructured":"eStat: The Portal Site of Official Statistics of Japan (2025, August 13). Annual Report on Vital Statistics 2021-Confirmed Number of Births, (In Japanese)."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2302","DOI":"10.1111\/jog.14080","article-title":"Withdrawal of the 1999 JSOG recommendation of weight gain restriction during pregnancy (commentary of the JSOG Perinatal Committee)","volume":"45","author":"Itoh","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Obstet. Gynaecol. Res."},{"key":"ref_13","unstructured":"Healthy Parent and Child 21 (2025, August 13). Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare: Dietary Guidelines for Pregnant Women, (In Japanese)."},{"key":"ref_14","unstructured":"Institute of Medicine (IOM) and National Research Council (NRC) (2009). Weight Gain During Pregnancy: Reexamining the Guidelines, The National Academies Press."},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology (2021). The guidelines on gestational weight gain. Acta. Obstet. Gynaecol. Jpn., 73, 678\u2013679. (In Japanese)."},{"key":"ref_16","unstructured":"Japan Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Promotion Council for Healthy Parents and Children (2025, August 13). \u201cNinsanpu Notameno Shokuseikatu Sisin\u201d 2006, (In Japanese)."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J-P, N.A., Minami, M., Eitoku, M., Maeda, N., Fujieda, M., Suganuma, N., and Japan Environment and Children\u2019s Study (JECS) Group (2021). Lack of concern about body image and health during pregnancy linked to excessive gestational weight gain and small-for-gestational-age deliveries: The Japan Environment and Children\u2019s Study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth, 21.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-021-03827-0"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1515\/hmbci-2015-0025","article-title":"Maternal and fetal lipid metabolism under normal and gestational diabetic conditions","volume":"26","author":"Herrera","year":"2016","journal-title":"Horm. Mol. Biol. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kawamoto, T., Nitta, H., Murata, K., Toda, E., Tsukamoto, N., Hasegawa, M., Yamagata, Z., Kayama, F., Kishi, R., and Ohya, Y. (2014). Rationale and study design of the Japan environment and children\u2019s study (JECS). BMC Public Health, 14.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-14-25"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2666","DOI":"10.1038\/s41366-021-00947-7","article-title":"Gestational body weight gain and risk of low birth weight or macrosomia in women of Japan: A nationwide cohort study","volume":"45","author":"Uchinuma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Obes."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.2188\/jea.JE20210049","article-title":"Gestational weight gain growth charts adapted to Japanese pregnancies using a Bayesian approach in a longitudinal study: The Japan Environment and Children\u2019s Study","volume":"33","author":"Morisaki","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1166","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2004.146","article-title":"Long-term weight development in women: A 15-year follow-up of the effects of pregnancy","volume":"12","author":"Dye","year":"2004","journal-title":"Obes. Res."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1177\/01939459231175197","article-title":"Relationships among postpartum weight retention, stress, and disinhibited eating: A scoping review","volume":"45","author":"Crossley","year":"2023","journal-title":"West. J. Nurs. Res."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1159\/000484934","article-title":"Postpartum weight retention risk factors in a Taiwanese cohort study","volume":"11","author":"Shao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Obes. Facts"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980011000504","article-title":"Comparison of relative validity of food group intakes estimated by comprehensive and brief-type self-administered diet history questionnaires against 16 d dietary records in Japanese adults","volume":"14","author":"Kobayashi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.2188\/jea.JE20110075","article-title":"Both comprehensive and brief self-administered diet history questionnaires satisfactorily rank nutrient intakes in Japanese adults","volume":"22","author":"Kobayashi","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"316","article-title":"The biomarker-based validity of a brief-type diet history questionnaire for estimating eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid intakes in pregnant Japanese women","volume":"24","author":"Shiraishi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Asia Pac. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1750","DOI":"10.1249\/01.MSS.0000142303.49306.0D","article-title":"Development and validation of a Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire","volume":"36","author":"Schmidt","year":"2004","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1743","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwad130","article-title":"Update and novel validation of a pregnancy physical activity questionnaire","volume":"192","author":"Park","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1111\/1552-6909.12267","article-title":"Adapting the pregnancy physical activity questionnaire for Japanese pregnant women","volume":"43","author":"Matsuzaki","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Obstet. Gynecol. Neonatal. Nurs."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.150.6.782","article-title":"Detection of postnatal depression. Development of the 10-item Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale","volume":"150","author":"Cox","year":"1987","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"m4022","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m4022","article-title":"Accuracy of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) for screening to detect major depression among pregnant and postpartum women: Systematic review and meta-analysis of individual participant data","volume":"371","author":"Levis","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_33","first-page":"525","article-title":"Validation and reliability of a Japanese version of the EPDS","volume":"7","author":"Okano","year":"1996","journal-title":"Arch. Psychiatr. Diagn. Clin. Eval."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1111\/pcn.12562","article-title":"Optimal cut-off score of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale for major depressive episode during pregnancy in Japan","volume":"71","author":"Usuda","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kubota, C., Inada, T., Nakamura, Y., Shiino, T., Ando, M., Aleksic, B., Yamauchi, A., Morikawa, M., Okada, T., and Ohara, M.S. (2018). Stable factor structure of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale during the whole peripartum period: Results from a Japanese prospective cohort study. Sci. Rep., 8.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-36101-z"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lacasse, A., Rey, E., Ferreira, E., Morin, C., and B\u00e9rard, A. (2008). Validity of a modified Pregnancy-Unique Quantification of Emesis and Nausea (PUQE) scoring index to assess severity of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol., 198.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2007.05.051"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1080\/01443610500060651","article-title":"Validation studies of the Pregnancy Unique-Quantification of Emesis (PUQE) scores","volume":"25","author":"Koren","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Obstet. Gynaecol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hada, A., Minatani, M., Wakamatsu, M., Koren, G., and Kitamura, T. (2021). The pregnancy-unique quantification of emesis and nausea (PUQE-24): Configural, measurement, and structural invariance between nulliparas and multiparas and across two measurement time points. Healthcare, 9.","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-238447\/v1"},{"key":"ref_39","first-page":"1567","article-title":"Abuse: A risk factor for low birth weight? A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"164","author":"Murphy","year":"2001","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"ref_40","first-page":"896","article-title":"Application of the Woman Abuse Screening Tool (WAST) and WAST-short in the family practice setting","volume":"49","author":"Brown","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Fam. Pract."},{"key":"ref_41","first-page":"422","article-title":"Development of the Woman Abuse Screening Tool for use in family practice","volume":"28","author":"Brown","year":"1996","journal-title":"Fam. Med."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1111\/nhs.12298","article-title":"Development of the Japanese version of the Woman Abuse Screening Tool-Short","volume":"19","author":"Kita","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nurs. Health. Sci."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bladh, M., Sydsj\u00f6, G., Ekselius, L., Ving\u00e5rd, E., and Agnafors, S. (2023). Sense of coherence and health in women: A 25-year follow-up study. BMC Women\u2019s Health, 23.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-023-02834-x"},{"key":"ref_44","unstructured":"Antonovsky, A. (1987). Unraveling the Mystery of Health: How People Manage Stress and Stay Well, Jossey-Bass. [1st ed.]."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.2006.056697","article-title":"Development of a short version of the sense of coherence scale for population survey","volume":"61","author":"Togari","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Epidemiol. Commun. Health"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1781(89)90047-4","article-title":"The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: A new instrument for psychiatric practice and research","volume":"28","author":"Buysse","year":"1989","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-1781(00)00232-8","article-title":"Psychometric assessment of subjective sleep quality using the Japanese version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI-J) in psychiatric disordered and control subjects","volume":"97","author":"Doi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.whi.2008.10.004","article-title":"Assessing sleep during pregnancy: A study across two time points examining the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and associations with depressive symptoms","volume":"19","author":"Skouteris","year":"2009","journal-title":"Women\u2019s Health Issues"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/14.6.540","article-title":"A new method for measuring daytime sleepiness: The Epworth sleepiness scale","volume":"14","author":"Johns","year":"1991","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2008.04.015","article-title":"Development of a Japanese version of the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (JESS) based on item response theory","volume":"10","author":"Takegami","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sleep Med."},{"key":"ref_51","unstructured":"Japan Physical Activity Research Platform (2025, August 13). (n.d.). About Physical Activity Monitors. Available online: https:\/\/paplatform.umin.jp\/device.html."},{"key":"ref_52","unstructured":"ACCELStars, Inc (2025, August 13). Unraveling Sleep to Create New Medical Care. Available online: https:\/\/www.accelstars.com\/."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wainberg, M., Jones, S.E., Beaupre, L.M., Hill, S.L., Felsky, D., Rivas, M.A., Lim, A.S.P., Ollila, H.M., and Tripathy, S.J. (2021). Association of accelerometer-derived sleep measures with lifetime psychiatric diagnoses: A cross-sectional study of 89,205 participants from the UK Biobank. PLoS Med., 18.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003782"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2116729119","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2116729119","article-title":"The 103,200-arm acceleration dataset in the UK Biobank revealed a landscape of human sleep phenotypes","volume":"119","author":"Katori","year":"2022","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103727","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2021.103727","article-title":"A jerk-based algorithm ACCEL for the accurate classification of sleep-wake states from arm acceleration","volume":"25","author":"Ode","year":"2022","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyq195","article-title":"Maternal underweight and the risk of preterm birth and low birth weight: A systematic review and meta-analyses","volume":"40","author":"Han","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Epidemiol."}],"container-title":["Methods and Protocols"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2409-9279\/8\/6\/128\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T14:26:27Z","timestamp":1762179987000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2409-9279\/8\/6\/128"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["mps8060128"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mps8060128","relation":{},"ISSN":["2409-9279"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2409-9279","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]]}}}