{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T18:39:31Z","timestamp":1777055971818,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776988800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["MPs"],"abstract":"<jats:p>African swine fever (ASF) is a highly contagious and often fatal viral disease of pigs that poses serious economic consequences to the swine industry due to its high mortality rate and rapid spread. Currently, the identification of infectious ASF virus (ASFV) is the confirmatory test when clinical samples are positive for ASFV by any other diagnostic methods. Detection of infectious ASFV requires the availability of primary swine macrophage cultures as a cell substrate. We demonstrate here that cryopreserved swine primary macrophages are a suitable cell substrate for the detection, isolation and propagation of ASFV, showing similar results as when fresh swine macrophages are utilized. The possibility of using cryopreserved macrophages for detecting infectious ASFV would improve the efficacy of diagnostics in ensuring the availability of macrophage cell cultures during an emergency response.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/mps9030067","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T17:26:18Z","timestamp":1777051578000},"page":"67","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evaluation of Cryopreserved Primary Swine Macrophages as a Substrate for African Swine Fever Virus Replication"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7169-3954","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vivian K.","family":"O\u2019Donnell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Foreign Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory (FADDL), National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Orient, NY 11957, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Schoepke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Foreign Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory (FADDL), National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Orient, NY 11957, USA"},{"name":"National Bio- and Agro-Defense Facility (NBAF), National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heather","family":"Petrowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Foreign Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory (FADDL), National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Orient, NY 11957, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leslie","family":"Blakemore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Foreign Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory (FADDL), National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Orient, NY 11957, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7894-0233","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Douglas P.","family":"Gladue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Orient, NY 11957, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-0421-7081","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bonto","family":"Faburay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Foreign Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory (FADDL), National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Orient, NY 11957, USA"},{"name":"National Bio- and Agro-Defense Facility (NBAF), National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manuel V.","family":"Borca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Orient, NY 11957, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Galindo, I., and Alonso, C. 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