{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T16:36:11Z","timestamp":1785429371710,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":106,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781049600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"NEI\/NIH","award":["EY01792"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EY01792"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001818","name":"Research to Prevent Blindness","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001818","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04drjs621","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["MPs"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Contact lens wear is widely used for vision correction by millions of individuals worldwide; however, it remains associated with a spectrum of ocular complications ranging from mild inflammatory conditions to vision-threatening infections. Common contact lens-related complications are predominantly noninfectious, including contact lens discomfort, dry eye syndromes, and papillary conjunctivitis. These conditions are typically mild and manageable with conservative measures. In contrast, corneal inflammatory conditions, such as contact lens-induced acute red eye and peripheral ulcers, represent an intermediate spectrum and may clinically overlap with early infection, creating diagnostic uncertainty. The most serious complication is microbial keratitis, a vision-threatening infection that remains challenging to recognize in its early stages due to its variable and often subtle presentation. Delayed identification may lead to rapid progression and significant visual morbidity. Patients with contact lens-related complaints often present to frontline settings, where early recognition is essential. Distinguishing benign from infectious conditions can be challenging; a risk-based approach with prompt triage and referral, along with proper lens hygiene and patient education, is key.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/mps9030095","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T06:57:17Z","timestamp":1781161037000},"page":"95","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Contact Lens-Associated Ocular Surface and Corneal Disorders"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Omar","family":"Abdelaziz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, 1855 W Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seyyedehfatemeh","family":"Ghalibafan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, 1855 W Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7022-2395","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raul E.","family":"Ruiz-Lozano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, 1855 W Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey C.","family":"Peterson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, 1855 W Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryan A.","family":"Gallo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, 1855 W Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali R.","family":"Djalilian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, 1855 W Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6632a2","article-title":"Risk Behaviors for Contact Lens-Related Eye Infections Among Adults and Adolescents\u2014United States, 2016","volume":"66","author":"Cope","year":"2017","journal-title":"MMWR Morb. 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