{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T09:20:01Z","timestamp":1788254401078,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"NHMRC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["APP1195709"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APP1195709"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["APP1195709"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APP1195709"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/011kf5r70","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Methods Protoc.","MPs"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a transitional stage between normal ageing and dementia, affecting ~35% of adults aged 70+ and carrying a 15\u201318% annual risk of progression. Cognitive training (CT) shows promise but outcomes are variable and transfer to daily function is unclear; intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) may enhance prefrontal neuroplasticity. Few studies have evaluated whether combining CT and iTBS in MCI is practical, acceptable, and safe. Methods: This 18-week, randomised, double-blind, sham-controlled feasibility pilot trial will recruit 44 individuals with MCI, randomised 1:1 to CT + active iTBS or CT + sham iTBS. Participants complete 14 CT sessions over 10 weeks; accelerated iTBS is delivered in five sessions per day over five consecutive days at 75% resting motor threshold to the left DLPFC using neuronavigation, with reversed-coil sham. Primary outcomes are feasibility, acceptability, adherence, and safety; secondary (exploratory) outcomes are cognitive, functional, and psychological; tertiary (mechanistic) outcomes are EEG- and TMS-derived neurophysiological measures. The trial is not powered for efficacy: feasibility and neurophysiological outcomes will be analysed descriptively, while secondary outcomes will be analysed using linear mixed-effects models. Ethics and dissemination: Ethical approval has been granted by the Western Sydney University HREC (H16500); written informed consent will be obtained before enrolment. Trial registration number: ACTRN12625000952448.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/mps9050130","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T08:31:13Z","timestamp":1788251473000},"page":"130","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Intermittent Theta Burst Stimulation Combined with Cognitive Training in Mild Cognitive Impairment: Protocol for an 18-Week Randomised, Double-Blind, Sham-Controlled Feasibility Pilot Study (The iCog.X Boost Trial)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-5479-3496","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rose Mery","family":"Bou Merhy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9499-1703","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rocco","family":"Cavaleri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia"},{"name":"Brain Stimulation and Rehabilitation (BrainStAR Lab), School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia"},{"name":"Translational Health Research Institute (THRI), Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ghufran","family":"Alhassani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain Stimulation and Rehabilitation (BrainStAR Lab), School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia"},{"name":"Translational Health Research Institute (THRI), Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5165-9540","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vincent","family":"Oxenham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychological Sciences, Lifespan Health and Wellbeing Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Najwa-Joelle","family":"Metri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Hochstrasser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2696-6068","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark I.","family":"Hohenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kujan","family":"Nagaratnam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, The University of Notre Dame, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kawaljit","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aged Care Specialist Medical Service, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8708-6104","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Genevieve Z.","family":"Steiner-Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia"},{"name":"Translational Health Research Institute (THRI), Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, 07743 Jena, Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Partner Site Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association (2022). 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