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Heat shock proteins (HSPs), a class of evolutionarily conserved molecular chaperones, have been implicated in the regulation of skeletal muscle plasticity. Here, we summarize key findings supporting the notion that HSPs are important components required to maintain skeletal muscle integrity and functionality. HSPs participate in the transcriptional program required for myogenesis and are activated following muscle exercise and injury. Their dysfunction, either as a consequence of improper expression or genetic mutations, contributes to muscle atrophy and leads to the development of myopathies and peripheral motor neuropathies. Denervation\/reinnervation and repeated rounds of nerve degeneration\/regeneration have been observed in motor neuropathies, suggesting that an imbalance in HSP expression and function may impair the repair of the neuromuscular junctions. Boosting HSP activity may help preventing muscle atrophy by promoting muscle differentiation and helping the repair of NMJs. Boosting HSP function may also help to combat the development of rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), a highly aggressive type of pediatric soft tissue sarcoma whose cells have skeletal muscle features but are unable to fully differentiate into skeletal muscle cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/muscles2020014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,19]],"date-time":"2023-04-19T03:20:39Z","timestamp":1681874439000},"page":"187-203","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Heat Shock Proteins: Important Helpers for the Development, Maintenance and Regeneration of Skeletal Muscles"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Silvia","family":"Pomella","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncohematology, Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children\u2019s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matteo","family":"Cassandri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncohematology, Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children\u2019s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Anatomical Pathology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Antoniani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuele","family":"Crotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Mediani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beatrice","family":"Silvestri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and Biotechnologies \u201cCharles Darwin\u201d, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Center for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margherita","family":"Medici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and Biotechnologies \u201cCharles Darwin\u201d, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9408-7711","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rossella","family":"Rota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncohematology, Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children\u2019s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9999-7223","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandro","family":"Rosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and Biotechnologies \u201cCharles Darwin\u201d, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Center for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0939-0140","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Serena","family":"Carra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cophys.2018.05.007","article-title":"NMJ maintenance and repair in aging","volume":"4","author":"Taetzsch","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. 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