{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T10:08:26Z","timestamp":1775815706302,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,8]],"date-time":"2023-12-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701993600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Muscles"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Several reports have provided evidence that there are genetic variants of genes such as MSTN, BDRKB2, ACTN3 and ADRB2 that are involved in a better response to adaptation during resistance or strength training, while other genes such as GRB14, AGT and END1 are reported to be associated with the risk of suffering from some diseases such as diabetes, hypertension or obesity. A cross-sectional study from a Mexican Mestizo population was performed to estimate the frequency of 10 gene variants in 8 genes involved in athletic performance or chronic degenerative diseases, MSTN (rs1805085, rs1805086), BDKRB2 (rs1799722), FST (rs1423560), ACTN3 (rs1815739), ADRB2 (rs1042713, rs1042714), GRB14 (rs8192673), AGT (rs699) and EDN1 (rs5370), and to compare frequencies from 26 populations reported in the Database of 1000 Genomes project. Genotype frequencies fitted the Hardy\u2013Weinberg equilibrium, except for MST rs1805086 and FST rs1423560, and our study revealed significant differences in the distribution of frequencies of some of these gene variants among populations reported in the 1000 Genomes Project. Our findings provide insights regarding the genetic background of our population, and future case\u2013control studies can be carried out with more accurate sample sizes for genetic association studies. Our results may be also useful in recognizing the roles and mechanisms contributing to athletic performance and\/or chronic degenerative diseases in Mexicans.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/muscles2040030","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,8]],"date-time":"2023-12-08T05:47:30Z","timestamp":1702014450000},"page":"389-399","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Prevalence of Ten Gene Variants Involved in Muscular Phenotypes in a Mexican Mestizo Population"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"2","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3912-6754","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luz Berenice","family":"L\u00f3pez-Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento Acad\u00e9mico de Ciencias Cl\u00ednicas, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Guadalajara, Av Patria 1201, Zapopan 45129, Mexico"},{"name":"Asociaci\u00f3n de Distrofia Muscular de Occidente A.C., Guadalajara 44380, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1607-3741","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guillermina","family":"Avila-Ram\u00edrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 04510, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ariadna","family":"Del Villar-Morales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitaci\u00f3n Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 14389, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M\u00f3nica Alejandra","family":"Anaya-Segura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Asociaci\u00f3n de Distrofia Muscular de Occidente A.C., Guadalajara 44380, Mexico"},{"name":"BioDNA Laboratory Services Ltd., Zapopan 45010, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6601-3686","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis Angel","family":"Montes-Almanza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Gen\u00e9tica, Instituto de Oftalmolog\u00eda \u2018Conde de Valenciana\u2019, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 41700, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Froylan Arturo","family":"Garc\u00eda-Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Gen\u00e9tica, Instituto de Oftalmolog\u00eda \u2018Conde de Valenciana\u2019, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 41700, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Miranda-Duarte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitaci\u00f3n Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 14389, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlos Antonio","family":"Sosa-Flores","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitaci\u00f3n Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 14389, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martha Eunice","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Arellano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Medicina Gen\u00f3mica, Hospital Regional \u201cLic. Adolfo L\u00f3pez Mateos\u201d, Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 01030, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ileana","family":"Chavez-Maisterra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento Acad\u00e9mico de Ciencias Cl\u00ednicas, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Guadalajara, Av Patria 1201, Zapopan 45129, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexandra Berenice","family":"Luna-Angulo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitaci\u00f3n Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 14389, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miriam Pavelth","family":"Casillas-\u00c1vila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Civil \u201cDr. Antonio Gonz\u00e1lez Guevara\u201d, Tepic 63169, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Benjam\u00edn","family":"G\u00f3mez-D\u00edaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitaci\u00f3n Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 14389, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.21149\/spm.v55i6.7304","article-title":"Burden of disease, injuries, risk factors and challenges for the health system in Mexico","volume":"55","author":"Lozano","year":"2013","journal-title":"Salud Publica Mex."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.2165\/11650560-000000000-00000","article-title":"Genetic inheritance effects on endurance and muscle strength: An update","volume":"42","author":"Costa","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.02.032","article-title":"Genomic Analysis in the Age of Human Genome Sequencing","volume":"177","author":"Lappalainen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1038\/356168a0","article-title":"Long-range correlations in nucleotide sequences","volume":"356","author":"Peng","year":"1992","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1159\/000055939","article-title":"Investigations into the molecular effects of single nucleotide polymorphism","volume":"68","author":"Lohrer","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pathobiol. 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