{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T14:29:41Z","timestamp":1787063381989,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,22]],"date-time":"2024-06-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719014400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Muscles"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Recent studies indicate a significant relationship between malnutrition, frailty, and pleural effusion (PE), highlighting the critical role of muscle mass in patient outcomes. This review investigates the association between sarcopenia\u2014characterized by a decline in skeletal muscle mass and function\u2014and PE, marked by fluid accumulation in the pleural space. The findings reveal that sarcopenia is prevalent in patients with PE and is linked to increased postoperative complications and mortality rates. In liver transplantation, esophagectomy, and lung cancer surgeries, sarcopenia exacerbates the risk of adverse outcomes. Notably, preoperative muscle mass assessment serves as a predictive tool for identifying patients at higher risk of complications. This review underscores the importance of early diagnosis and intervention for sarcopenia to improve clinical outcomes in PE patients. The therapeutic approach should include comprehensive nutritional evaluations and targeted muscle-strengthening interventions. By addressing sarcopenia, healthcare providers can significantly reduce PE-related complications, enhance patient recovery, and improve survival rates. This review provides a foundation for future research to develop effective strategies for the management and treatment of sarcopenia in the context of PEs, aiming to optimize patient care and quality of life.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/muscles3030017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,24]],"date-time":"2024-06-24T10:41:12Z","timestamp":1719225672000},"page":"189-201","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Sarcopenia and Pleural Effusions: Exploring a Potential Link"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"3","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-7416-7765","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georgios I.","family":"Barkas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Human Pathophysiology, Nursing Department, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4882-7042","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nikolaos D.","family":"Karakousis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece"},{"name":"Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zoe","family":"Daniil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9541-1010","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Konstantinos I.","family":"Gourgoulianis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5219-6971","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ourania S.","family":"Kotsiou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Human Pathophysiology, Nursing Department, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece"},{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cger.2017.02.003","article-title":"Sarcopenia","volume":"33","author":"Woo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. 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