{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T19:39:24Z","timestamp":1790278764044,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Muscles"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Neuromuscular diseases (NMDs) include a heterogeneous group of progressive chronic conditions that frequently lead to substantial physical disability and loss of autonomy. Although motor and functional impairments of NMDs are well documented, the psychological burden remains underexplored. This narrative review synthesizes current literature regarding four psychological domains in individuals with NMDs: (i) anxiety, (ii) depression, (iii) coping strategies, and (iv) quality of life. Evidence indicates that anxiety and depressive symptoms are highly prevalent in the spectrum of NMDs, influenced by factors such as disease severity, onset age, and perceived social support. Maladaptive coping strategies, including avoidance and denial, are associated with poorer mental health outcomes and reduced involvement in rehabilitation. In contrast, adaptive strategies, such as acceptance and problem-focused coping, may help buffer psychological distress. Quality of life is consistently reported to be lower in people with NMDs compared to the general population, with psychosocial factors such as social support playing a role. Despite these findings, psychological care remains inconsistently integrated in NMD management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/muscles4040059","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]],"date-time":"2025-12-05T16:37:02Z","timestamp":1764952622000},"page":"59","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The Psychological Burden of Neuromuscular Diseases: A Narrative Review of Anxiety, Depression, Coping, and Quality of Life"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"4","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5795-5834","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valentina","family":"Baldini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giorgia","family":"Varallo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4274-1275","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andi","family":"Nuredini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3797-1789","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rossella","family":"Tupler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Plazzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diana","family":"De Ronchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6777-1721","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Carmela","family":"Pera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43121 Parma, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1815-1013","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rocco","family":"Liguori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy"},{"name":"IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (ISNB), 40139 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0279-3353","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandro","family":"Rubichi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7031-0547","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maristella","family":"Scorza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0036-1586263","article-title":"Neuromuscular diseases","volume":"36","author":"Morrison","year":"2016","journal-title":"Semin. 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