{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T07:37:23Z","timestamp":1791445043713,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,2]],"date-time":"2020-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577923200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Science and Technology in Taiwan","award":["MOST-104-2119-M-260-003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST-104-2119-M-260-003"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nanomaterials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Novel bovine serum albumin (BSA)-gold nanoclusters with garlic extract modifications (mw_G-BSA-AuNCs) were prepared through microwave-assisted rapid synthesis. The modified nanoclusters were characterized and used for the simple and sensitive detection of Pb2+ ions. Both turn-on and turn-off methods were used and compared for Pb2+ ion detection. For Pb2+ ions, the preparation time for the modified nanoclusters was 10 min, and the detection time for the nanoclusters was 6 min. The modified nanoclusters were stable, and their fluorescence intensities changed by less than 10% in 60 days. The detection limit and linear range for the \u201coff-on\u201d method of mw_G-BSA-AuNCs for Pb2+ ion detection were 0.28 and 1\u201320 nM, respectively. The recoveries of the mw_G-BSA-AuNCs probe used for the detection of the Pb(II) ion in tap water ranged from 93.8% to 102.2%, with an average of 97.1%. The \u201coff-on\u201d method of mw_G-BSA-AuNCs can provide a lower detection limit, higher selectivity, and better recovery than the commonly used \u201cturn-off\u201d methods of mw_BSA-AuNCs for Pb2+ ion detection. The proposed method is superior to other methods proposed from 2018 to 2019 because it can provide a shorter preparation time and a lower detection limit with good selectivity. The microwave-assisted novel compound, mw_G-BSA-AuNCs, can be rapidly synthesized in a green manner and can provide a low detection limit, good selectivity, and a simple and fast reaction for Pb2+ ion detection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nano10010094","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,3]],"date-time":"2020-01-03T04:43:03Z","timestamp":1578026583000},"page":"94","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Microwave Synthesis of Gold Nanoclusters with Garlic Extract Modifications for the Simple and Sensitive Detection of Lead Ions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Lingaraj","family":"Ryavanaki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chi Nan University, Nantou 545, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hweiyan","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Applied Chemistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Medical Education, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0399-8622","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C. Bor","family":"Fuh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chi Nan University, Nantou 545, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (1989). Risk Assessment, Management and Communication of Drinking Water Contamination."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) (2017, January 19). 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