{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T00:15:49Z","timestamp":1790381749989,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,28]],"date-time":"2020-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1582848000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004686","name":"Deanship of Scientific Research, King Faisal University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["186324"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["186324"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004686","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nanomaterials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The approaches used for the green biosynthesis of nanoparticles with clinical applications have been widely used in nanotechnology due to their potential to provide safe, eco-friendly, cost effective, high-stability, and high-loading-capacity nanoparticles. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-candidal activity of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) biosynthesized using the aqueous leaf extract of Calotropis gigantea (CG) alone or in a combination with the plant extract of CG (AgNPs\/CG). AgNPs were characterized using UV-Vis spectrophotometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results of the standard disk diffusion method revealed that AgNPs alone displayed anti-candidal activity (11.33-mm inhibition zone), while AgNPs\/CG displayed a strong synergistic anti-candidal activity (17.76-mm inhibition zone). Similarly, AgNPs\/CG completely inhibited the growth of C. albicans after 4 h of incubation, as measured using the time-kill assay. In addition, AgNPs\/CG inhibited the dimorphic transition of C. albicans and suppressed both the adhesion and the biofilm formation of C. albicans by 41% and 38%, respectively. The treatment of Candida. albicans with AgNPs\/CG showed a significant inhibition of the production of several antioxidant enzymes. Interestingly, AgNPs\/CG did not show any cytotoxicity in animal cells, including the MCF-7 cell line and primary mouse bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (mBMSCs), at the concentration used to completely inhibit the dimorphic transition of C. albicans. In conclusion, we identified AgNPs\/CG as a promising natural-product-based nanoparticle that can potentially be used as an anti-candidal drug.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nano10030422","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,28]],"date-time":"2020-02-28T09:30:36Z","timestamp":1582882236000},"page":"422","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"title":["Effective Inhibition of Candidiasis Using an Eco-Friendly Leaf Extract of Calotropis-gigantean-Mediated Silver Nanoparticles"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9794-1557","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enas M.","family":"Ali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo 12613, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0324-8055","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Basem M.","family":"Abdallah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.000499","article-title":"Microbe Profile: Candida albicans: A shape-changing, opportunistic pathogenic fungus of humans","volume":"163","author":"Gow","year":"2017","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1007\/s11046-014-9749-1","article-title":"Henriques M: Candidiasis: Predisposing factors, prevention, diagnosis and alternative treatment","volume":"177","author":"Martins","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mycopathologia"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00029-06","article-title":"Epidemiology of invasive candidiasis: A persistent public health problem","volume":"20","author":"Pfaller","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin. 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