{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T15:44:15Z","timestamp":1770997455699,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,15]],"date-time":"2020-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1586908800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nanomaterials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The major drawback of oxide-based sensors is the lack of selectivity. In this context, SnxTi1\u2212xO2\/graphene oxide (GO)-based materials were synthesized via a simple hydrothermal route, varying the titanium content in the tin dioxide matrix. Then, toluene and acetone gas sensing performances of the as-prepared sensors were systematically investigated. Specifically, by using 32:1 SnO2\/GO and 32:1 TiO2\/GO, a greater selectivity towards acetone analyte, also at room temperature, was obtained even at ppb level. However, solid solutions possessing a higher content of tin relative to titanium (as 32:1 Sn0.55Ti0.45O2\/GO) exhibited higher selectivity towards bigger and non-polar molecules (such as toluene) at 350 \u00b0C, rather than acetone. A deep experimental investigation of structural (XRPD and Raman), morphological (SEM, TEM, BET surface area and pores volume) and surface (XPS analyses) properties allowed us to give a feasible explanation of the different selectivity. Moreover, by exploiting the UV light, the lowest operating temperature to obtain a significant and reliable signal was 250 \u00b0C, keeping the greater selectivity to the toluene analyte. Hence, the feasibility of tuning the chemical selectivity by engineering the relative amount of SnO2 and TiO2 is a promising feature that may guide the future development of miniaturized chemoresistors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nano10040761","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,16]],"date-time":"2020-04-16T05:15:41Z","timestamp":1587014141000},"page":"761","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Exploring SnxTi1\u2212xO2 Solid Solutions Grown onto Graphene Oxide (GO) as Selective Toluene Gas Sensors"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4385-7461","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eleonora","family":"Pargoletti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Chimica, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Consorzio Interuniversitario per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), Via Giusti 9, 50121 Firenze, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simone","family":"Verga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Chimica, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4550-175X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gian Luca","family":"Chiarello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Chimica, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0014-3576","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariangela","family":"Longhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Chimica, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Consorzio Interuniversitario per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), Via Giusti 9, 50121 Firenze, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8536-1398","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppina","family":"Cerrato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Consorzio Interuniversitario per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), Via Giusti 9, 50121 Firenze, Italy"},{"name":"Dipartimento di Chimica &amp; NIS, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7566-6793","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessia","family":"Giordana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Consorzio Interuniversitario per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), Via Giusti 9, 50121 Firenze, Italy"},{"name":"Dipartimento di Chimica &amp; NIS, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1260-2979","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Cappelletti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Chimica, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Consorzio Interuniversitario per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), Via Giusti 9, 50121 Firenze, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2015.09.140","article-title":"Enhanced BTEX gas-sensing performance of CuO\/SnO2 composite","volume":"223","author":"Ren","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2015.08.014","article-title":"Volatile organic compounds in the atmosphere of Mexico City","volume":"119","author":"Huertas","year":"2015","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.3762\/bjnano.8.100","article-title":"BTEX detection with composites of ethylenevinyl acetate and nanostructured carbon","volume":"8","author":"Stepina","year":"2017","journal-title":"Beilstein J. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1007\/s11306-017-1241-8","article-title":"Exhaled breath analysis: A review of \u2018breath-taking\u2019 methods for off-line analysis","volume":"13","author":"Lawal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Metabolomics"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4347(99)00127-9","article-title":"Variation in volatile organic compounds in the breath of normal humans","volume":"729","author":"Phillips","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. B. Biomed. Sci. Appl."},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"Lewis, G. (2014). Continuous Monitoring of Benzene, Toluene, Ethyl Benzene, and Xylenes (BTEX) in Air with the Thermo Scientific Sentinel PRO Environmental Mass Spectrometer, Thermo Fisher Scientific."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brimblecombe, P. (2003). The Effects of Air Pollution on the Built Environment, Imperial College Press.","DOI":"10.1142\/p243"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1002\/elan.201200349","article-title":"Wearable Electrochemical Sensors and Biosensors: A Review","volume":"25","author":"Windmiller","year":"2013","journal-title":"Electroanalysis"},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"254","article-title":"Acetone sensing properties of hierarchical WO3 core-shell microspheres in comparison with commercial nanoparticles","volume":"7","author":"Esmaeili","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Nano Dimens."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2012.06.002","article-title":"Breath acetone monitoring by portable Si:WO3gas sensors","volume":"738","author":"Righettoni","year":"2012","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1038\/nnano.2009.235","article-title":"Diagnosing lung cancer in exhaled breath using gold nanoparticles","volume":"4","author":"Peng","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2013.12.011","article-title":"Highly sensitive and selective hydrogen sulfide and toluene sensors using Pd functionalized WO3 nanofibers for potential diagnosis of halitosis and lung cancer","volume":"193","author":"Kim","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1590\/1516-1439.235713","article-title":"High sensitivity ethanol gas sensor based on Sn-doped ZnO under visible light irradiation at low temperature","volume":"17","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mater. Res."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11070","DOI":"10.1038\/srep11070","article-title":"Light-controlling, flexible and transparent ethanol gas sensor based on ZnO nanoparticles for wearable devices","volume":"5","author":"Zheng","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-4005(01)00672-4","article-title":"Gas sensing properties of thin- and thick-film tin-oxide materials","volume":"77","author":"Becker","year":"2001","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2017.11.167","article-title":"Facile synthesis of SnO2 hierarchical porous nanosheets from graphene oxide sacrificial scaffolds for high-performance gas sensors","volume":"258","author":"Zhao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2007.04.048","article-title":"Acetone and ethanol solid-state gas sensors based on TiO2 nanoparticles thin film deposited by matrix assisted pulsed laser evaporation","volume":"127","author":"Rella","year":"2007","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1109\/LED.2016.2544954","article-title":"Highly Efficient Room-Temperature Gas Sensor Based on TiO2 Nanotube-Reduced Graphene-Oxide Hybrid Device","volume":"37","author":"Acharyya","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Electron. Device Lett."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3232","DOI":"10.1007\/s10853-012-7103-x","article-title":"Ethanol sensing properties of porous ZnO spheres via hydrothermal route","volume":"48","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Mater. Sci."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3581","DOI":"10.1021\/ac902695n","article-title":"Si:WO3 Sensors for Highly Selective Detection of Acetone for Easy Diagnosis of Diabetes by Breath Analysis","volume":"82","author":"Righettoni","year":"2010","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1562","DOI":"10.1002\/elan.200904604","article-title":"An Analyte Derivatization Approach for Improved Electrochemical Detection of Amoxicillin","volume":"21","author":"Chiu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Electroanalysis"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13602","DOI":"10.1039\/C4TA01930J","article-title":"Exposed facets induced enhanced acetone selective sensing property of nanostructured tungsten oxide","volume":"2","author":"Jia","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. A"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Quan, W., Hu, X., Min, X., Qiu, J., Tian, R., Ji, P., Qin, W., Wang, H., Pan, T., and Cheng, S. (2020). A Highly Sensitive and Selective ppb-Level Acetone Sensor Based on a Pt-Doped 3D Porous SnO2 Hierarchical Structure. Sensors, 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/s20041150"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1039\/C5TA08336B","article-title":"Ordered mesoporous Ag-doped TiO2\/SnO2 nanocomposite based highly sensitive and selective VOC sensors","volume":"4","author":"Tomer","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. A"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2019.127140","article-title":"Dual-mode gas sensor for ultrasensitive and highly selective detection of xylene and toluene using Nb-doped NiO hollow spheres","volume":"301","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Du, H., Li, X., Yao, P., Wang, J., Sun, Y., and Dong, L. (2018). Zinc Oxide Coated Tin Oxide Nanofibers for Improved Selective Acetone Sensing. Nanomaterials, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/nano8070509"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22932","DOI":"10.1039\/C9NR08901B","article-title":"Room-temperature photodetectors and VOC sensors based on graphene oxide\u2013ZnO nano-heterojunctions","volume":"11","author":"Pargoletti","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127575","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2019.127575","article-title":"Nanoscale Pd catalysts decorated WO3\u2013SnO2 heterojunction nanotubes for highly sensitive and selective acetone sensing","volume":"306","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2017.11.035","article-title":"Zeolite membranes for highly selective formaldehyde sensors","volume":"257","author":"Abegg","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1007\/s00604-018-3104-z","article-title":"Orthogonal gas sensor arrays by chemoresistive material design","volume":"185","author":"Pineau","year":"2018","journal-title":"Microchim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, H., Cen, Y., Du, Y., and Ruan, S. (2016). Enhanced Acetone Sensing Characteristics of ZnO\/Graphene Composites. Sensors, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/s16111876"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30504","DOI":"10.3390\/s151229814","article-title":"Graphene Hybrid Materials in Gas Sensing Applications","volume":"15","author":"Latif","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arvani, M., Mohammad Aliha, H., Khodadadi, A.A., and Mortazavi, Y. (2017). Graphene oxide\/SnO2 Nanocomposite as Sensing Material for Breathalyzers: Selective Detection of Ethanol in the presence of Automotive CO and Hydrocarbons Emissions. Sci. Iran.","DOI":"10.24200\/sci.2017.4350"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17199","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.5b04066","article-title":"Realization of ppb-Scale Toluene-Sensing Abilities with Pt-Functionalized SnO2\u2013ZnO Core\u2013Shell Nanowires","volume":"7","author":"Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pargoletti, E., Tricoli, A., Pifferi, V., Orsini, S., Longhi, M., Guglielmi, V., Cerrato, G., Falciola, L., Derudi, M., and Cappelletti, G. (2019). An electrochemical outlook upon the gaseous ethanol sensing by graphene oxide-SnO2 hybrid materials. Appl. Surf. Sci.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2019.04.046"},{"key":"ref_36","first-page":"73","article-title":"Semiconducting SnO2-TiO2 (S-T) Composites for Detection of SO2 Gas","volume":"26","author":"And","year":"1978","journal-title":"Soil Mech. Found. Eng."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315502","DOI":"10.1088\/0957-4484\/20\/31\/315502","article-title":"Minimal cross-sensitivity to humidity during ethanol detection by SnO2\u2013TiO2 solid solutions","volume":"20","author":"Tricoli","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nanotechnology"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2017.12.090","article-title":"An investigation of GO-SnO2-TiO2 ternary nanocomposite for the detection of acetone in diabetes mellitus patient\u2019s breath","volume":"449","author":"Kalidoss","year":"2018","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1016\/j.proeng.2012.09.337","article-title":"TiO2-SnO2 Composites and Solid Solutions for Chemical Nanosensors","volume":"47","author":"Zakrzewska","year":"2012","journal-title":"Procedia Eng."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4920","DOI":"10.1021\/cm201737x","article-title":"Synthesis of rutile-phase SnxTi1\u2212xO2 solid-solution and (SnO2)x\/(TiO2)1\u2212x core\/shell nanoparticles with tunable lattice constants and controlled morphologies","volume":"23","author":"Trotochaud","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chem. Mater."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1016\/0040-6090(92)90832-V","article-title":"Effects of added TiO2 on the characteristics of SnO2-based thick film gas sensors","volume":"221","author":"WY","year":"1992","journal-title":"Thin Solid Films"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3152","DOI":"10.1021\/cm1001576","article-title":"Thermally stable, silica-doped \u03b5-WO3 for sensing of acetone in the human breath","volume":"22","author":"Righettoni","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chem. Mater."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276143","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/276143","article-title":"Preparation and Characterization of Graphene Oxide","volume":"2014","author":"Song","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Nanomater."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2018.11.045","article-title":"Porous core-shell TixSn1\u2212xO2 solid solutions with broad-light response: One-pot synthesis and ultrahigh photooxidation performance","volume":"244","author":"Tian","year":"2019","journal-title":"Appl. Catal. B Environ."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1007\/s11051-005-8383-8","article-title":"Bulk, Surface and Morphological Features of Nanostructured Tin Oxide by a Controlled Alkoxide-Gel Path","volume":"8","author":"Ionita","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Nanopart. Res."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.orgel.2017.08.016","article-title":"High-performance photo detector based on hydrothermally grown SnO2 nanowire\/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) hybrid material","volume":"50","author":"Singh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Org. Electron."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4448","DOI":"10.1021\/jp045192p","article-title":"Aged Titania Nanoparticles: The Simultaneous Control of Local and Long-Range Properties","volume":"109","author":"Cappelletti","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. B"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181662","DOI":"10.1098\/rsos.181662","article-title":"Role of the growth step on the structural, optical and surface features of TiO2\/SnO2 composites","volume":"6","author":"Rimoldi","year":"2019","journal-title":"R. Soc. Open Sci."},{"key":"ref_49","unstructured":"Lowell, S. (1979). Introduction to Powder Surface Area, John Wiley and Sons."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2016.06.020","article-title":"High-performance of bare and Ti-doped \u03b1-MnO2 nanoparticles in catalyzing the Oxygen Reduction Reaction","volume":"325","author":"Pargoletti","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Power Sources"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1007\/s11671-008-9208-3","article-title":"Photodegradation of Pollutants in Air: Enhanced Properties of Nano-TiO2 Prepared by Ultrasound","volume":"4","author":"Cappelletti","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nanoscale Res. Lett."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174506","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4874942","article-title":"1.5 MeV proton irradiation effects on electrical and structural properties of TiO2\/n-Si interface","volume":"115","author":"Ishfaq","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phys."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2675","DOI":"10.1088\/0957-4484\/17\/10\/039","article-title":"Effect of reducing atmosphere on the magnetism of Zn1\u2212xCoxO (0\u2264 x \u22640.10) nanoparticles","volume":"17","author":"Naeem","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nanotechnology"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2005.12.098","article-title":"XPS study of the surfactant film adsorbed onto growing titania nanoparticles","volume":"253","author":"Cappelletti","year":"2006","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stucchi, M., Boffito, D., Pargoletti, E., Cerrato, G., Bianchi, C., and Cappelletti, G. (2018). Nano-MnO2 Decoration of TiO2 Microparticles to Promote Gaseous Ethanol Visible Photoremoval. Nanomaterials, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/nano8090686"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1080\/17458080.2015.1047420","article-title":"Size-controlled BiOCl\u2013RGO composites having enhanced photodegradative properties","volume":"11","author":"Kang","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Exp. Nanosci."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2016.09.064","article-title":"Study on gas sensing of reduced graphene oxide\/ZnO thin film at room temperature","volume":"240","author":"Zhou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1021\/acssensors.9b01651","article-title":"In-Plane Vibration of Hammerhead Resonators for Chemical Sensing Applications","volume":"5","author":"Beardslee","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Sens."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu, J., Setiono, A., Bertke, M., Strempel, K., Markiewicz, N., Schmidt, A., Waag, A., Prades, J.D., and Peiner, E. (2019, January 23\u201327). Piezoresistive Microcantilevers 3D-Patterned Using Zno-Nanorods@Silicon-Nanopillars for Room-Temperature Ethanol Detection. Proceedings of the 2019 20th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems & Eurosensors XXXIII (TRANSDUCERS & EUROSENSORS XXXIII), Berlin, Germany.","DOI":"10.1109\/TRANSDUCERS.2019.8808821"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1186\/1556-276X-9-621","article-title":"Effect of annealing temperature on wettability of TiO2 nanotube array films","volume":"9","author":"Yang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nanoscale Res. Lett."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1006\/jcis.1997.5329","article-title":"Kinetics of Heterogeneous Nucleation of Calcium Phosphates on Anatase and Rutile Surfaces","volume":"199","author":"Wu","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4328","DOI":"10.1021\/jp067242r","article-title":"Dynamics and Structure of Hydration Water on Rutile and Cassiterite Nanopowders Studied by Quasielastic Neutron Scattering and Molecular Dynamics Simulations","volume":"111","author":"Mamontov","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. C"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00531396","article-title":"Oxidation of toluene on rutile and anatase","volume":"23","author":"Golodets","year":"1987","journal-title":"Theor. Exp. Chem."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2017.10.011","article-title":"Superior acetone gas sensor based on electrospun SnO2 nanofibers by Rh doping","volume":"256","author":"Kou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1800677","DOI":"10.1002\/adom.201800677","article-title":"NiO-ZnO Nanoheterojunction Networks for Room-Temperature Volatile Organic Compounds Sensing","volume":"6","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv. Opt. Mater."}],"container-title":["Nanomaterials"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-4991\/10\/4\/761\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T14:09:10Z","timestamp":1760364550000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-4991\/10\/4\/761"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,15]]},"references-count":65,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]}},"alternative-id":["nano10040761"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nano10040761","relation":{},"ISSN":["2079-4991"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2079-4991","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,15]]}}}