{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T11:58:26Z","timestamp":1791979106021,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,2]],"date-time":"2020-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1593648000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004504","name":"Lietuvos Mokslo Taryba","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["S-MIP \u2013 17\u201392"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["S-MIP \u2013 17\u201392"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004504","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nanomaterials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this work, the thermal stability, microstructure, and catalytic activity in oxidation reactions of calcium silicate hydrates formed in the CaO-SiO2-Cr(NO3)3-H2O system under hydrothermal conditions were examined in detail. Dry primary mixture with a molar ratio of CaO\/SiO2 = 1.5 was mixed with Cr(NO3)3 solution (c = 10 g Cr3+\/dm3) to reach a solution\/solid ratio of the suspension of 10.0:1. Hydrothermal synthesis was carried out in unstirred suspensions at 175 \u00b0C for 16 h. It was determined that, after treatment, semicrystalline calcium silicate hydrates C-S-H(I) and\/or C-S-H(II) with incorporated Cr3+ ions (100 mg\/g) were formed. The results of in situ X-ray diffraction and simultaneous thermal analyses showed that the products were stable until 500 \u00b0C, while, at higher temperatures, they recrystallized to calcium chromate (CaCrO4, 550 \u00b0C) and wollastonite (800\u2013850 \u00b0C). It was determined that both the surface area and the shape of the dominant pore changed during calcination. Propanol oxidation experiments showed that synthetic semicrystalline calcium silicate hydrates with intercalated chromium ions are able to exchange oxygen during the heterogeneous oxidation process. The obtained results were confirmed by XRD, STA, FT-IR, TEM, SEM, and BET methods, and by propanol oxidation experiments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nano10071299","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,3]],"date-time":"2020-07-03T06:51:20Z","timestamp":1593759080000},"page":"1299","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Microstructure, Thermal Stability, and Catalytic Activity of Compounds Formed in CaO-SiO2-Cr(NO3)3-H2O System"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Domante","family":"Niuniavaite","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Silicate Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilenu 19, LT-50270 Kaunas, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kestutis","family":"Baltakys","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Silicate Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilenu 19, LT-50270 Kaunas, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9552-3477","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tadas","family":"Dambrauskas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Silicate Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilenu 19, LT-50270 Kaunas, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anatolijus","family":"Eisinas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Silicate Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilenu 19, LT-50270 Kaunas, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dovile","family":"Rubinaite","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Silicate Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilenu 19, LT-50270 Kaunas, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrius","family":"Jaskunas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical and Inorganic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilenu 19, LT-50270 Kaunas, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joule.2017.07.005","article-title":"100% Clean and Renewable Wind, Water, and Sunlight All-Sector Energy Roadmaps for 139 Countries of the World","volume":"1","author":"Jacobson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Joule"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3954","DOI":"10.1039\/C5CS00618J","article-title":"Formic acid as a hydrogen storage material\u2014Development of homogeneous catalysts for selective hydrogen release","volume":"45","author":"Mellmann","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chem. 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