{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T01:48:44Z","timestamp":1792720124082,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,30]],"date-time":"2021-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619740800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Slovenian Research Agency","award":["J2-1720 and P2-0082"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["J2-1720 and P2-0082"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nanomaterials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>An overview of recent work on the low-temperature plasma-assisted synthesis of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles is presented and interpreted in terms of gas-phase and surface reactions with illustrated examples. The thermodynamical nonequilibrium conditions allow the formation of chemically reactive species with a potential energy of several eV, which readily interact with the Zn precursors and initiate reactions leading to the formation of nanoparticles or nanowires. The high-quality nanowires were synthesized from Zn powders only upon interaction with moderately ionized plasma in a narrow range of plasma parameters. This technique is promising for the synthesis of large quantities of nanowires with aspect ratios well above 10, but the exact range of parameters remains to be determined. Apart from the ex situ techniques, the ZnO nanoparticles can be synthesized by depositing a film of precursors (often Zn salts or Zn-containing organometallic compounds) and exposing them to oxygen plasma. This technique is useful for the synthesis of well-adherent ZnO nanoparticles on heat-sensitive objects but requires further scientific validation as it often leads to the formation of a semicontinuous ZnO film rather than nanoparticles. Both low-pressure and atmospheric plasmas are useful in converting the precursor film into ZnO nanoparticles despite completely different mechanisms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nano11051191","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,30]],"date-time":"2021-04-30T10:53:29Z","timestamp":1619780009000},"page":"1191","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Recent Advances in the Plasma-Assisted Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3959-776X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gregor","family":"Primc","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surface Engineering, Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katja","family":"Bren\u010di\u010d","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Textiles, Graphic Arts and Design, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, University of Ljubljana, A\u0161ker\u010deva 12, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3529-3371","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miran","family":"Mozeti\u010d","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surface Engineering, Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3820-9761","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marija","family":"Gorjanc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Textiles, Graphic Arts and Design, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, University of Ljubljana, A\u0161ker\u010deva 12, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23001","DOI":"10.1088\/1468-6996\/14\/2\/023001","article-title":"Dispersion and surface functionalization of oxide nanoparticles for transparent photocatalytic and UV-protecting coatings and sunscreens","volume":"14","author":"Faure","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sci. 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