{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T21:08:43Z","timestamp":1792789723923,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,20]],"date-time":"2021-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621468800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme","award":["95173"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["95173"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nanomaterials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Microstructures and nanostructures can be used to reduce the adhesion of the cells on the auxiliary material. Therefore, the aim of our work was to fabricate laser-induced hierarchical microstructures and nanostructures by femtosecond laser-treatment (wavelength 1040 nm, pulse length 350 fs, repetition rates in the kHz range) to reduce the cell adhesion. Additionally, surface chemistry modification by optimized electrochemical anodization was used to further reduce the cell adhesion. For testing, flat plates and bone screws made of Ti-6Al-4V were used. Bone-forming cells (human osteoblasts from the cell line SAOS-2) were grown on the bone implants and additional test samples for two to three weeks. After the growth period, the cells were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). While earlier experiments with fibroblasts had shown that femtosecond laser-processing followed by electrochemical anodization had a significant impact on cell adhesion reduction, for osteoblasts the same conditions resulted in an activation of the cells with increased production of extracellular matrix material. Significant reduction of cell adhesion for osteoblasts was only obtained at pre-anodized surfaces. It could be demonstrated that this functionalization by means of femtosecond laser-processing can result in bone screws that hinder the adhesion of osteoblasts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nano11051342","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,20]],"date-time":"2021-05-20T06:13:45Z","timestamp":1621491225000},"page":"1342","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Femtosecond Laser-Processing of Pre-Anodized Ti-Based Bone Implants for Cell-Repellent Functionalization"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Martina","family":"Muck","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Applied Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Strasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benedikt","family":"Wolfsj\u00e4ger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Applied Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Strasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karoline","family":"Seibert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hofer GmbH &amp; Co KG, Jahnstrasse 10-12, 8280 F\u00fcrstenfeld, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Maier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hofer GmbH &amp; Co KG, Jahnstrasse 10-12, 8280 F\u00fcrstenfeld, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaukat Ali","family":"Lone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chemical Technology of Inorganic Materials, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Strasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9816-6740","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Achim Walter","family":"Hassel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chemical Technology of Inorganic Materials, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Strasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3160-2050","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Werner","family":"Baumgartner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Mechatronics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Strasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5608-5133","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johannes","family":"Heitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Applied Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Strasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.2217\/nnm.15.19","article-title":"Human mesenchymal stem cell behavior on femtosecond laser-textured Ti-6Al-4V surfaces","volume":"10","author":"Cunha","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nanomedicine"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"055002","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-6041\/10\/5\/055002","article-title":"Femtosecond laser nano\/micro patterning of titanium influences mesenchymal stem cell adhesion and commitment","volume":"10","author":"Dumas","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biomed. Mater."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1900639","DOI":"10.1002\/adem.201900639","article-title":"Ultrashort Pulsed Laser Surface Patterning of Titanium to Improve Osseointegration of Dental Implants","volume":"21","author":"Zwahr","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. Eng. Mater."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat2013","article-title":"The control of human mesenchymal cell differentiation using nanoscale symmetry and disorder","volume":"6","author":"Dalby","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Mater."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Klos, A., Sedao, X., Itina, T.E., Helfenstein-Didier, C., Donnet, C., Peyroche, S., Vico, L., Guignandon, A., and Dumas, V. (2020). Ultrafast Laser Processing of Nanostructured Patterns for the Control of Cell Adhesion and Migration on Titanium Alloy. Nanomaterials, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/nano10050864"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1348","DOI":"10.1002\/pssa.200881063","article-title":"The hydrophobic properties of femtosecond laser fabricated spike structures and their effects on cell proliferation","volume":"206","author":"Fadeeva","year":"2009","journal-title":"Phys. Status Solidi (a)"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2711","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2010.01.016","article-title":"Tuning cell adhesion by controlling the roughness and wettability of 3D micro\/nano silicon structures","volume":"6","author":"Ranella","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1038\/s41565-018-0222-z","article-title":"Plasmonic meta-electrodes allow intracellular recordings at network level on high-density CMOS-multi-electrode arrays","volume":"13","author":"Dipalo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2020.00066","article-title":"Intracellular Recording of Human Cardiac Action Potentials on Market-Available Multielectrode Array Platforms","volume":"8","author":"Melle","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1900838","DOI":"10.1002\/pssa.201900838","article-title":"Impact of Femtosecond Laser Treatment Accompanied with Anodization of Titanium Alloy on Fibroblast Cell Growth","volume":"217","author":"Lone","year":"2020","journal-title":"Phys. Status Solidi (a)"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1354","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2017.02.159","article-title":"Degradation mechanisms and future challenges of titanium and its alloys for dental implant applications in oral environment","volume":"76","author":"Revathi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. C"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1445","DOI":"10.1016\/j.susc.2010.05.007","article-title":"Adsorption of proteins on nanoporous Ti surfaces","volume":"604","author":"Richert","year":"2010","journal-title":"Surf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1007\/s00339-017-1352-0","article-title":"Femtosecond laser-induced microstructures on Ti substrates for reduced cell adhesion","volume":"123","author":"Heitz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. A"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1515\/aot-2019-0070","article-title":"Repellent rings at titanium cylinders against overgrowth by fibroblasts","volume":"9","author":"Fosodeder","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Opt. Technol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.35959","article-title":"Bone-forming cells with pronounced spread into the third dimension in polymer scaffolds fabricated by two-photon polymerization","volume":"105","author":"Heitz","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part A"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00339-020-3434-7","article-title":"Chemical effects during the formation of various types of femtosecond laser-generated surface structures on titanium alloy","volume":"126","author":"Florian","year":"2020","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. A"}],"container-title":["Nanomaterials"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-4991\/11\/5\/1342\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T06:04:25Z","timestamp":1760162665000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-4991\/11\/5\/1342"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,20]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]}},"alternative-id":["nano11051342"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nano11051342","relation":{},"ISSN":["2079-4991"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2079-4991","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,20]]}}}