{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T11:51:48Z","timestamp":1788349908886,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,23]],"date-time":"2021-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1624406400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nanomaterials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>(1) Background: Poor hygiene and denture presence in the oral cavity are factors that favor bacterial accumulation, the cause of halitosis and of various oral and general diseases. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the possibility of inactivating bacteria associated with halitosis in acrylic denture wearers using polymethyl methacrylate resin enhanced with graphene silver nanoparticles and the effect of the resin association with extra oral photodynamic therapy. (2) Methods: Graphene silver nanoparticles in 1 and 2 wt% were added to a commercial acrylic resin powder. Three study groups containing samples from the three different materials were established. The first group was not exposed to the light treatment, and the other two were exposed to red light (laser and light emitting diode) after photosensitizer placement on the disk\u2019s surface. Samples were incubated with Porphyromonas gingivalis and Enterococcus faecalis. (3) Results: For both bacterial strains, inhibition zones were obtained, showing significant differences for the light-treated samples. (4) Conclusions: Denture resins with antibacterial properties associated with extra oral photodynamic therapy exhibited enhanced antibacterial effects. The procedure could be used as a safer and more efficient alternative technique against halitosis and oral infections in denture wearers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nano11071643","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,23]],"date-time":"2021-06-23T03:22:00Z","timestamp":1624418520000},"page":"1643","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Association of Graphene Silver Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA) with Photodynamic Therapy for Inactivation of Halitosis Responsible Bacteria in Denture Wearers"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Cecilia","family":"Bacali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics and Dental Materials, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Clinicilor 32, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8974-1718","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rahela","family":"Carpa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babe\u0219 Bolyai University, 1 M. Kog\u0103lniceanu Street, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4209-9884","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Smaranda","family":"Buduru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics and Dental Materials, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Clinicilor 32, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1255-9373","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mirela L.","family":"Moldovan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermopharmacy and Cosmetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 12 I. Creanga Street, 400010 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ioana","family":"Baldea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Clinicilor, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6213-0674","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annemarie","family":"Constantin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Morphological Sciences, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 L. Pasteur, 400335 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9714-4809","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marioara","family":"Moldovan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Raluca Ripan Institute for Research in Chemistry, Fantanele 30, Babe\u0219 Bolyai University, 400294 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Doina","family":"Prodan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Raluca Ripan Institute for Research in Chemistry, Fantanele 30, Babe\u0219 Bolyai University, 400294 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura Monica","family":"Dascalu (Rusu)","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics and Dental Materials, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Clinicilor 32, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0092-8955","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ondine","family":"Lucaciu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Health, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Avram Iancu 31, 400083 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florinela","family":"Catoi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Functional Biosciences, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Avram Iancu 31, 400083 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariana","family":"Constantiniuc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics and Dental Materials, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Clinicilor 32, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mandra","family":"Badea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Dental Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Avram Iancu 31, 400083 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1080\/09674845.2007.11732784","article-title":"Potential pathogenic aspects of denture plaque","volume":"64","author":"Coulthwaite","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br. 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