{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T01:20:43Z","timestamp":1782782443871,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,30]],"date-time":"2021-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632960000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["51872173"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51872173"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nanomaterials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>TiO2 has been generally studied for photocatalytic sterilization, but its antibacterial activities are limited. Herein, TiO2 nanospheres with rutile\/anatase heterophase junctions are prepared by a wet chemical\/annealing method. The large BET surface area and pore size are beneficial for the absorption of bacteria. The rutile\/anatase heterojunctions narrow the bandgap, which enhances light absorption. The rutile\/anatase heterojunctions also efficiently promote the photogenerated carriers\u2019 separation, finally producing a high yield of radical oxygen species, such as \u2022O2\u2212 and \u2022OH, to sterilize bacteria. As a consequence, the obtained TiO2 nanospheres with rutile\/anatase heterojunctions present an improved antibacterial performance against E. coli (98%) within 3 h of simulated solar light irradiation, exceeding that of TiO2 nanospheres without annealing (amorphous) and TiO2 nanospheres annealing at 350 and 550 \u00b0C (pure anatase). Furthermore, we design a photocatalytic antibacterial spray to protect the file paper. Our study reveals that the TiO2 nanospheres with rutile\/anatase heterojunctions are a potential candidate for maintaining the durability of paper in the process of archival protection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nano11102585","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,8]],"date-time":"2021-10-08T21:23:55Z","timestamp":1633728235000},"page":"2585","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Enhanced Photocatalytic Antibacterial Properties of TiO2 Nanospheres with Rutile\/Anatase Heterophase Junctions and the Archival Paper Protection Application"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Yingying","family":"Qin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Archives Department, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinyu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pengyuan","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9334-9409","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jian","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4892","DOI":"10.1021\/acsabm.9b00644","article-title":"Hybrid Cu2O\/TiO2 Nanocomposites with Enhanced Photocatalytic Antibacterial Activity toward Acinetobacter Baumannii","volume":"2","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Appl. 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