{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T13:58:03Z","timestamp":1790085483093,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,12]],"date-time":"2021-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633996800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017YFE0106800"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017YFE0106800"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32001284"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32001284"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nanomaterials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ag+ pollution is of great harm to the human body and environmental biology. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop inexpensive and accurate detection methods. Herein, lignin-derived structural memory carbon nanodots (CSM-dots) with outstanding fluorescence properties were fabricated via a green method. The mild preparation process allowed the CSM-dots to remain plentiful phenol, hydroxyl, and methoxy groups, which have a specific interaction with Ag+ through the reduction of silver ions. Further, the sulfur atoms doped on CSM-dots provided more active sites on their surface and the strong interaction with Ag nanoparticles. The CSM-dots can specifically bind Ag+, accompanied by a remarkable fluorescence quenching response. This \u201cturn-off\u201d fluorescence behavior was used for Ag+ determination in a linear range of 5\u2013290 \u03bcM with the detection limit as low as 500 nM. Furthermore, findings showed that this sensing nano-platform was successfully used for Ag+ determination in real samples and intracellular imaging, showing great potential in biological and environmental monitoring applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nano11102687","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,13]],"date-time":"2021-10-13T06:38:41Z","timestamp":1634107121000},"page":"2687","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Nanosensors Based on Structural Memory Carbon Nanodots for Ag+ Fluorescence Determination"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Xi","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China"},{"name":"Institute of Chemical Industry of Forestry Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Nanjing 210042, China"},{"name":"Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yufeng","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinji","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lina","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chemical Industry of Forestry Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Nanjing 210042, China"},{"name":"Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0117-0186","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daihui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chemical Industry of Forestry Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Nanjing 210042, China"},{"name":"Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunpeng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chemical Industry of Forestry Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Nanjing 210042, China"},{"name":"Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fuxiang","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chemical Industry of Forestry Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Nanjing 210042, China"},{"name":"Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1007\/s12598-014-0433-x","article-title":"Novel dye-sensitized solar cell architecture using TiO2-coated Ag nanowires array as photoanode","volume":"38","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rare Met."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1038\/nnano.2013.84","article-title":"A transparent electrode based on a metal nanotrough network","volume":"8","author":"Wu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.1007\/s12598-019-01275-6","article-title":"Design and fabrication of a new fluorescence enhancement system of silver nanoparticles-decorated aligned silver nanowires","volume":"38","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rare Met."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2018.04.036","article-title":"A novel method for the detection of silver ions with carbon dots: Excellent selectivity, fast response, low detection limit and good applicability","volume":"267","author":"Jin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2004.03.039","article-title":"Trace enrichment and determination of silver by immobilized DDTC microcolumn and flow injection atomic absorption spectrometry","volume":"64","author":"Dadfarnia","year":"2004","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13251","DOI":"10.1002\/ep.13251","article-title":"Solid phase extraction of trace level Ag(I) using coriolus versicolor immobilized magnetic nanoparticles and its de-termination by ICP-OES","volume":"38","author":"Yalcin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Env. Prog. Sustain. Energy"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1531","DOI":"10.1039\/a904839a","article-title":"Analytical techniques for the determination of precious metals in geological and related materials","volume":"124","author":"Reddi","year":"1999","journal-title":"Analyst"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1021\/acssensors.0c02038","article-title":"Determination of Ag[I] and NADH using sin-gle-molecule conductance ratiometric probes","volume":"6","author":"Hu","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Sens."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2020.11.054","article-title":"Ratiometric fluorescent sensors for sequential on-off-on determination of riboflavin, Ag+ and l-cysteine based on NPCl-doped carbon quantum dots","volume":"1144","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tetlet.2016.12.041","article-title":"A Schiff base fluorescence probe for highly selective turn-on recognition of Zn2+","volume":"58","author":"Zhu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Tetrahedron Lett."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129922","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2021.129922","article-title":"Strongly emissive formamide-derived N-doped carbon dots embedded Eu(III)-based metal-organic frameworks as a ratiometric fluorescent probe for ultrasensitive and visual quantitative detection of Ag+","volume":"339","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2237","DOI":"10.1039\/D0AY00316F","article-title":"Hydrothermal synthesis of Auricularia auricula derived nitrogen, phosphorus-doped carbon dots and application in Ag(i) and 4-nitrophenol detection and bioimaging","volume":"12","author":"Tu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anal. Methods"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.saa.2018.11.006","article-title":"A novel coumarin-based fluorescence chemosensor for Al3+ and its application in cell imaging","volume":"210","author":"Zhu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Spectrochim. Acta Part A Mol. Biomol. Spectrosc."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3535","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tetlet.2016.06.112","article-title":"A simple turn-on Schiff base fluorescence sensor for aluminum ion","volume":"57","author":"Zhu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Tetrahedron Lett."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1007\/s00604-019-3818-6","article-title":"Ratiometric fluorometric determination of silver(I) by using blue-emitting silicon- and nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots and red-emitting N-acetyl-L-cysteine-capped CdTe quantum dots","volume":"186","author":"Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Microchim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108723","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dyepig.2020.108723","article-title":"Novel carbon dots with dual excitation for imaging and silver ion detection in living cells","volume":"183","author":"Guo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dye. Pigment."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.saa.2019.03.104","article-title":"A coumarin derivative as a \u201cturn-on\u201d fluorescence probe toward Cd2+ in live cells","volume":"218","author":"Tang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Spectrochim. Acta Part A Mol. Biomol. Spectrosc."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1437","DOI":"10.1007\/s12598-020-01562-7","article-title":"Organoimido functionalized trinuclear gold(I) clusters with fluorescent chromo-phore","volume":"40","author":"Lv","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rare Met."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4305","DOI":"10.1021\/la200052t","article-title":"Sensitive and Selective Detection of Silver(I) Ion in Aqueous Solution Using Carbon Nanoparticles as a Cheap, Effective Fluorescent Sensing Platform","volume":"27","author":"Li","year":"2011","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1080\/00387010.2018.1452266","article-title":"Ultrasensitive fluorescent probe for copper ion based on cadmium sele-nide\/cadmium sulfide quantum dots capped with dimercaprol","volume":"51","author":"Zhao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Spectrosc Lett."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1039\/C6DT04335F","article-title":"A reliable amplified fluorescence-enhanced chemosensor (Eu-MIL-61) for the directional detection of Ag+ in an aqueous solution","volume":"46","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dalton Trans."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151893","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tetlet.2020.151893","article-title":"Fluorescence \u201cOn-Off\u201d chemical sensor for ultrasensitive detection of Al3+ in live cell","volume":"61","author":"Zhu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Tetrahedron Lett."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4233","DOI":"10.1039\/D0AN00531B","article-title":"FRET-based fluorescent ratiometric probes for the rapid detection of endogenous hydrogen sulphide in living cells","volume":"145","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Analyst"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2913","DOI":"10.1039\/C6TB00519E","article-title":"A hydrothermal reaction of an aqueous solution of BSA yields highly fluorescent N doped C-dots used for imaging of live mammalian cells","volume":"4","author":"Kumar","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. B"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1371","DOI":"10.1039\/C6TB02508K","article-title":"Sonochemically-fabricated Ga@C-dots@Ga nanoparticle-aided neural growth","volume":"5","author":"Nissan","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. B"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28930","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.7b08985","article-title":"Refractive-Index Tuning of Highly Fluorescent Carbon Dots","volume":"9","author":"Kumar","year":"2017","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2015.08.005","article-title":"Facile one-step sonochemical synthesis of ultrafine and stable fluorescent C-dots","volume":"28","author":"Kumar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ultrason. Sonochemistry"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25533","DOI":"10.1039\/C5RA01101A","article-title":"The sonochemical synthesis of Ga@C-dots particles","volume":"5","author":"Kumar","year":"2015","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S116150","article-title":"Ga@C-dots as an antibacterial agent for the eradication of Pseudomonas aeruginosa","volume":"12","author":"Kumar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomed."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2018.11.017","article-title":"Fluorescent metal-doped carbon dots for neuronal manipulations","volume":"52","author":"Kumar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ultrason. Sonochem."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1957","DOI":"10.1007\/s12598-020-01506-1","article-title":"Dual-property blue and red emission carbon dots for Fe(III) ions detection and cellular imaging","volume":"40","author":"Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rare Met."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2657","DOI":"10.1039\/C5AN02231B","article-title":"Carbon quantum dots directly generated from electrochemical oxidation of graphite electrodes in alkaline alcohols and the applications for specific ferric ion detection and cell imaging","volume":"141","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Analyst"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2016.09.186","article-title":"Fluorescence sensor array based on amino acid derived carbon dotsfor pattern-based detection of toxic metal ions","volume":"241","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B-Chem."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2302","DOI":"10.1039\/C4TC02582B","article-title":"One-pot synthesis of carbon nanodots for fluorescence turn-on detection of Ag+ based on the Ag+-induced enhancement of fluorescence","volume":"3","author":"Gao","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. C"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117746","DOI":"10.1016\/j.saa.2019.117746","article-title":"A coumarin-based turn-on chemosensor for selective detection of Zn(II) and application in live cell imaging","volume":"228","author":"Shang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Spectrochim. Acta A"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1331","DOI":"10.1002\/slct.201904573","article-title":"A dual-functional \u201con-off-on\u201d relay fluorescent probe for the highly sensitive detection of copper(II) and phosphate ions","volume":"5","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"ChemistrySelect"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5123","DOI":"10.1039\/D0AN00910E","article-title":"A ratiometric fluorescent probe for imaging enzyme dependent hydrogen sulfide variation in the mitochondria and in living mice","volume":"145","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Analyst"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.saa.2020.119208","article-title":"Rapid microwave-assisted green synthesis of guanine-derived carbon dots for highly selective detection of Ag+ in aqueous solution","volume":"248","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Spectrochim. Acta Part A Mol. Biomol. Spectrosc."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114594","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molliq.2020.114594","article-title":"A double signal optical probe composed of carbon quantumdots and Au@Ag nanoparticles grown in situ for the high sensitivity detection of ellagic acid","volume":"323","author":"Qin","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Mol. Liq."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21500","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.9b03198","article-title":"Biomass-derived sulfur, nitrogen co-doped carbon dots for colorimetric and fluo-rescent dual mode detection of silver (I) and cell imaging","volume":"4","author":"Lu","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3169","DOI":"10.1021\/acssuschemeng.7b03265","article-title":"Seeking Brightness from Nature: J-Aggregation-Induced Emission in Cellulolytic Enzyme Lignin Nanoparticles","volume":"6","author":"Ma","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2018.06.051","article-title":"Red emission nitrogen, boron, sulfur co-doped carbon dots for \u201con-off-on\u201d fluorescent mode detection of Ag+ ions and l-cysteine in complex biological fluids and living cells","volume":"1035","author":"Huang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1007\/s00604-018-3045-6","article-title":"Green emitting N,S-co-doped carbon dots for sensitive fluorometric determination of Fe(III) and Ag(I) ions, and as a solvatochromic probe","volume":"185","author":"Zhu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Microchim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5584","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tet.2015.06.055","article-title":"Two fluorescence turn-on chemosensors based on pyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinoline for detection of Ag+ in aqueous solution","volume":"71","author":"Jiang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Tetrahedron"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lu, Z.F., Su, T.T., Feng, Y.T., Jiang, S.Q., Zhou, C.X., Hong, P.Z., Sun, S.L., and Li, C.Y. (2019). Potential application of nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots synthesized by a solvothermal method for detecting silver ions in food packaging. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16142518"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6593","DOI":"10.1039\/C7TB00506G","article-title":"Facile and scalable preparation of highly luminescent N, S co-doped graphene quantum dots and their application for parallel detection of multiple metal ions","volume":"5","author":"Shen","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. B"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2086","DOI":"10.1039\/C5TB02628H","article-title":"N-dots as a photoluminescent probe for the rapid and selective detection of Hg2+ and Ag+ in aqueous solution","volume":"4","author":"Wu","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. B"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1016\/j.saa.2018.05.069","article-title":"Novel dual-functional fluorescent sensors based on bis(5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole) derivatives for distinguishing of Ag+ and Fe3+ in semi-aqueous medium","volume":"206","author":"Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Spectrochim. Acta A"}],"container-title":["Nanomaterials"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-4991\/11\/10\/2687\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T07:12:14Z","timestamp":1760166734000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-4991\/11\/10\/2687"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,12]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]}},"alternative-id":["nano11102687"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nano11102687","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.20944\/preprints202108.0069.v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2079-4991"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2079-4991","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,12]]}}}