{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:59:19Z","timestamp":1787029159936,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,13]],"date-time":"2021-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1634083200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nanomaterials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>With the advancement of science and modern medical technology, more and more medical materials and implants are used in medical treatment and to improve human life. The safety of invasive medical materials and the prevention of infection are gradually being valued. Therefore, avoiding operation failure or wound infection and inflammation caused by surgical infection is one of the most important topics in current medical technology. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have minor irritation and toxicity to cells and have a broad-spectrum antibacterial effect without causing bacterial resistance and other problems. They are also less toxic to the human body. Bamboo charcoal (BC) is a bioinert material with a porous structure, light characteristics, and low density, like bone quality. It can be used as a lightweight bone filling material. However, it does not have any antibacterial function. This study synthesized AgNPs under the ultraviolet (UV) photochemical method by reducing silver nitrate with sodium citrate. The formation and distribution of AgNPs were confirmed by UV-visible spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction measurement (XRD). The BC was treated by O2 plasma to increase the number of polar functional groups on the surface. Then, UV light-induced graft polymerization of N-isopropyl acrylamide (NIPAAm) and AgNPs were applied onto the BC to immobilize thermos-\/antibacterial composite hydrogels on the BC surface. The structures and properties of thermos-\/antibacterial composite hydrogel-modified BC surface were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared spectrum (FT-IR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results show that thermos-\/antibacterial composite hydrogels were then successfully grafted onto BC. SEM observations showed that the thermos-\/antibacterial composite hydrogels formed a membrane structure between the BC. The biocompatibility of the substrate was evaluated by Alamar Blue cell viability assay and antibacterial test in vitro.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nano11102697","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,13]],"date-time":"2021-10-13T21:48:39Z","timestamp":1634161719000},"page":"2697","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Surface Modification of Bamboo Charcoal by O2 Plasma Treatment and UV-Grafted Thermo-Sensitive AgNPs Hydrogel to Improve Antibacterial Properties in Biomedical Application"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Shih-Ju","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Design and Materials for Medical Equipment and Devices, Da-Yeh University Changhua, Changhua 515006, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shu-Chuan","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Da-Yeh University Changhua, Changhua 515006, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"01097","DOI":"10.1051\/matecconf\/20167801097","article-title":"Adsorption Properties and Potential Applications of Bamboo Charcoal: A Review","volume":"Volume 78","author":"Isa","year":"2016","journal-title":"MATEC Web of Conferences"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"646","article-title":"Research Progress of the Properties and Application of Bamboo Charcoal","volume":"395","author":"Ye","year":"2013","journal-title":"Appl. Mech. Mater."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1002\/jccs.200900048","article-title":"Preparation and Antibacterial Effect of Bamboo Charcoal\/Ag on Staphylococcus Aureusand Pseudomonas Aeruginosa","volume":"56","author":"Yang","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Chin. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaap.2013.04.013","article-title":"Surface properties and water vapor adsorption\u2013desorption characteristics of bamboo-based activated carbon","volume":"104","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matchemphys.2008.07.126","article-title":"Evaluation of the antibacterial efficacy of bamboo charcoal\/silver biological protective material","volume":"113","author":"Yang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mater. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"106","article-title":"Preparation of Bamboo Charcoal\/Polyvinyl Formal Foam as Biological Support Material","volume":"466","author":"Li","year":"2012","journal-title":"Adv. Mater. Res."},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"155892501200700","article-title":"Evaluation of the Function and Manufacturing Technique of Bamboo Charcoal Complex Yarns and Knitted Fabrics","volume":"7","author":"Lin","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Eng. Fibers Fabr."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, S., Zhang, L., Semple, K., Zhang, M., Zhang, W., and Dai, C. (2020). Development of Biodegradable Flame-Retardant Bamboo Charcoal Composites, Part I: Thermal and Elemental Analyses. Polymers, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym12102217"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.32792","article-title":"Synthesis, in vitro macrophage response and detoxification of bamboo charcoal beads for purifying blood","volume":"94","author":"Hsieh","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part A"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2009.04.027","article-title":"Mechanical properties of chitosan\/bamboo charcoal composite films made with normal and surface oxidized charcoal","volume":"78","author":"Nitayaphat","year":"2009","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8445","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2010.07.053","article-title":"A cell sorter with modified bamboo charcoal for the efficient selection of specific antibody-producing hybridomas","volume":"31","author":"Lin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2638","DOI":"10.1039\/c1gc15386b","article-title":"Green synthesis of metal nanoparticles using plants","volume":"13","author":"Iravani","year":"2011","journal-title":"Green Chem."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arabjc.2017.05.011","article-title":"Nanoparticles: Properties, applications and toxicities","volume":"12","author":"Khan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arab. J. Chem."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.3762\/bjnano.9.98","article-title":"Review on nanoparticles and nanostructured materials: History, sources, toxicity and regulations","volume":"9","author":"Jeevanandam","year":"2018","journal-title":"Beilstein J. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nano.2006.12.001","article-title":"Antimicrobial effects of silver nanoparticles","volume":"3","author":"Kim","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nanomed. Nanotechnol. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8856","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules20058856","article-title":"Silver Nanoparticles as Potential Antibacterial Agents","volume":"20","author":"Franci","year":"2015","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nano.2009.07.002","article-title":"Biological synthesis of metallic nanoparticles","volume":"6","author":"Thakkar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nanomed. Nanotechnol. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biotechadv.2008.09.002","article-title":"Silver nanoparticles as a new generation of antimicrobials","volume":"27","author":"Rai","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Adv."},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"232","article-title":"Optimization of Synthesis Parameters of Silver Nanoparticles and Its Antimicrobial Activity","volume":"3","author":"Singh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Energy Technol."},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"65","article-title":"Bacterial resistance to silver nanoparticles and how to overcome it","volume":"13","author":"Prucek","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2018.06.070","article-title":"Optimization of reaction conditions to fabricate Ocimum sanctum synthesized silver nanoparticles and its application to nano-gel systems for burn wounds","volume":"92","author":"Sood","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. C"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nano.2011.05.007","article-title":"Synthesis and antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria","volume":"8","author":"Guzman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nanomed. Nanotechnol. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Siddiqui, A., Shakoor, A., Zohra, R., Ahmad, M., and Zohra, R. (2021). Green Synthesis of Antibacterial Silver Nanoparticles against Drug-Resistant Bacteria. Anti-Infect. Agents, 19.","DOI":"10.2174\/2211352519666210617092039"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13164","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-49675-z","article-title":"Nanodiamond-supported silver nanoparticles as potent and safe antibacterial agents","volume":"9","author":"Chang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"710","article-title":"Study of Silver Complexes as Potential Antibacterial and Antifungal Agents","volume":"7","author":"Miyan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Strad Res."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1800","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nano.2017.11.169","article-title":"Designed chemical synthesis and assembly of uniform-sized nanoparticles for medical applications","volume":"14","author":"Hyeon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nanomed. Nanotechnol. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nano.2006.10.045","article-title":"Monodisperse magnetic nanoparticles for biomedical applications","volume":"2","author":"Sun","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nanomed. Nanotechnol. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1388","DOI":"10.1021\/mp900056g","article-title":"Silver Nanoparticles in Therapeutics: Development of an Antimicrobial Gel Formulation for Topical Use","volume":"6","author":"Jain","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.22631\/ajgc.2017.96293.1020","article-title":"Green synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles using fructose","volume":"3","author":"Arshadi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Asian J. Green Chem."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42296","DOI":"10.1039\/C7RA08464A","article-title":"High-performance anionic waterborne polyurethane\/Ag nanocomposites with excellent antibacterial property via in situ synthesis of Ag nanoparticles","volume":"7","author":"Zhong","year":"2017","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8996","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.45413","article-title":"Silver nanoparticles: Synthesis, medical applications and biosafety","volume":"10","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1021\/es1034188","article-title":"Surface Charge-Dependent Toxicity of Silver Nanoparticles","volume":"45","author":"Silva","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Raza, M., Kanwal, Z., Rauf, A., Sabri, A., Riaz, S., and Naseem, S. (2016). Size- and Shape-Dependent Antibacterial Studies of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized by Wet Chemical Routes. Nanomaterials, 6.","DOI":"10.3390\/nano6040074"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104797","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2019.104797","article-title":"Acoustic cavitation assisted destratified clay tactoid reinforced in situ elastomer mimetic semi-IPN hydrogel for catalytic and bactericidal application","volume":"60","author":"Ganguly","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ultrason. Sonochem."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1016\/0142-9612(88)90108-1","article-title":"Biopolymer surface modification using plasma grafting","volume":"9","author":"Griessner","year":"1988","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref_36","first-page":"1069","article-title":"Film deposition by plasma techniques","volume":"44","author":"Steckelmacher","year":"1993","journal-title":"Vacuum"},{"key":"ref_37","unstructured":"Inagaki, N. (1996). Plasma Surface Modification and Plasma Polymerization, Technomic Pub. Co."},{"key":"ref_38","first-page":"78","article-title":"Surface Graft Polymerization of Acrylamide onto Plasma Activated Nylon Microfiber Artificial Leather for Improving Dyeing Properties","volume":"4","author":"Liao","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Chem. Eng. Appl."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.4236\/eng.2010.26052","article-title":"Role of Plasma Surface Treatments on Wetting and Adhesion","volume":"2","author":"Wolf","year":"2010","journal-title":"Engineering"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2933","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surfcoat.2010.02.048","article-title":"Effect of plasma treatment on hydrophobicity and barrier property of polylactic acid","volume":"204","author":"Chaiwong","year":"2010","journal-title":"Surf. Coat. Technol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107097","DOI":"10.1016\/j.polymertesting.2021.107097","article-title":"Effect of plasma treatment on the surface properties of polylactic acid films","volume":"96","year":"2021","journal-title":"Polym. Test."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liao, S.C., Chen, K.S., Chien, J.L., Chen, S.C., and Lin, W.L. (2019). Acetic-Acid Plasma-Polymerization on Polymeric Substrates for Biomedical Application. Nanomaterials, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/nano9070941"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Razavi, A. (2005). Plasma Surface Modification of Polymeric Materials. MRS Proceedings.","DOI":"10.1557\/PROC-0890-Y08-06"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tabares, F., and Junkar, I. (2021). Cold Plasma Systems and Their Application in Surface Treatments for Medicine. Molecules, 26.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26071903"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"024008","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6587\/ab5b50","article-title":"Applications of highly non-equilibrium low-pressure oxygen plasma for treatment of polymers and polymer composites on an industrial scale","volume":"62","author":"Vesel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kari\u017e, M., Tomec, D., Dahle, S., Kuzman, M., \u0160ernek, M., and \u017digon, J. (2021). Effect of Sanding and Plasma Treatment of 3D-Printed Parts on Bonding to Wood with PVAc Adhesive. Polymers, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym13081211"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2013.10.009","article-title":"Applications of cold plasma technology in food packaging","volume":"35","author":"Pankaj","year":"2014","journal-title":"Trends Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1177\/152808379602600104","article-title":"Plasma Treatment\u2014Industrial Applications and Its Impact on the C&L Industry","volume":"26","author":"Shishoo","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Coat. Fabr."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1002\/ctpp.201310061","article-title":"Plasma Applications: A Dermatological View","volume":"54","author":"Tiede","year":"2014","journal-title":"Contrib. Plasma Phys."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5970","DOI":"10.1021\/ma9918093","article-title":"Thermal Properties of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-g-poly (ethylene oxide) in Aqueous Solutions: Influence of the Number and Distribution of the Grafts","volume":"33","author":"Virtanen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Macromolecules"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1002\/masy.201000129","article-title":"Diffusion Coefficients in Thermosensitive Poly (NIPAAm) Hydrogels","volume":"306","author":"Naddaf","year":"2011","journal-title":"Macromol. Symp."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chou, C., Chen, K., Lin, W., Ye, Y., and Liao, S. (2016). Plasma Polymerization of SnOxCy Organic-Like Films and Grafted PNIPAAm Composite Hydrogel with Nanogold Particles for Promotion of Thermal Resistive Properties. Micromachines, 8.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints201609.0109.v1"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48770","DOI":"10.1002\/app.48770","article-title":"Multifunctional temperature-responsive polymers as advanced biomaterials and beyond","volume":"137","author":"Frazar","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Appl. Polym. Sci."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2016.09.081","article-title":"Mechanical properties of PNIPAM based hydrogels: A review","volume":"70","author":"Haq","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. C"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/S1381-5148(02)00215-8","article-title":"Synthesis and characteristics of interpenetrating polymer network hydrogels composed of poly (vinyl alcohol) and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)","volume":"55","author":"Kim","year":"2003","journal-title":"React. Funct. Polym."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, K., Chang, S., Feng, C., Lin, W., and Liao, S. (2018). Plasma Deposition and UV Light Induced Surface Grafting Polymerization of NIPAAm on Stainless Steel for Enhancing Corrosion Resistance and Its Drug Delivery Property. Polymers, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym10091009"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1597","DOI":"10.1002\/app.33272","article-title":"Development of a thermosensitive grafted drug delivery system-synthesis and characterization of NIPAAm-based grafts and hydrogel structure","volume":"120","author":"Ankareddi","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Appl. Polym. Sci."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13423","DOI":"10.1039\/C8RA00959G","article-title":"Impact of carboxylation and hydrolysis functionalisations on the anti-oil staining behaviour of textiles grafted with poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) hydrogel","volume":"8","author":"Suradi","year":"2018","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2016.12.007","article-title":"PNIPAM grafted surfaces through ATRP and RAFT polymerization: Chemistry and bioadhesion","volume":"151","author":"Conzatti","year":"2017","journal-title":"Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1517\/17425247.2011.581656","article-title":"Thermosensitive hydrogels for drug delivery","volume":"8","author":"Li","year":"2011","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Drug Deliv."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3267","DOI":"10.4028\/www.scientific.net\/MSF.426-432.3267","article-title":"Surface Grafting Polymerization and Crosslinking of Thermosensitive NIPAAm Hydrogels onto Plasma Pretreated Substrates and Drug Delivery Properties","volume":"426","author":"Chen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Forum"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lanzalaco, S., and Armelin, E. (2017). Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) and Copolymers: A Review on Recent Progresses in Biomedical Applications. Gels, 3.","DOI":"10.3390\/gels3040036"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1021\/bm010040a","article-title":"Thermoresponsive Artificial Extracellular Matrix for Tissue Engineering: Hyaluronic Acid Bioconjugated with poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) Grafts","volume":"2","author":"Ohya","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biomacromolecules"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, L., Fan, X., Zhang, J., and Ju, J. (2020). Preparation and Characterization of Thermoresponsive poly(N-Isopropylacrylamide) for Cell Culture Applications. Polymers, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym12020389"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2012.12.089","article-title":"Low temperature plasma vapor treatment of thermo-sensitive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) and its application","volume":"268","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cui, Y., Xing, Z., Yan, J., Lu, Y., Xiong, X., and Zheng, L. (2018). Thermosensitive Behavior and Super-Antibacterial Properties of Cotton Fabrics Modified with a Sercin-NIPAAm-AgNPs Interpenetrating Polymer Network Hydrogel. Polymers, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym10080818"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1002\/pca.595","article-title":"Assessment of a simple, non-toxic alamar blue cell survival assay to monitor tomato cell viability","volume":"12","author":"Byth","year":"2001","journal-title":"Phytochem. Anal."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125812","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surfcoat.2020.125812","article-title":"Functionalization of pure titanium MAO coatings by surface modifications for biomedical applications","volume":"394","author":"Liao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Surf. Coat. Technol."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Paladini, F., Di Franco, C., Panico, A., Scamarcio, G., Sannino, A., and Pollini, M. (2016). In Vitro Assessment of the Antibacterial Potential of Silver Nano-Coatings on Cotton Gauzes for Prevention of Wound Infections. Materials, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma9060411"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2361","DOI":"10.1007\/s10856-009-3796-z","article-title":"Characterization of antibacterial silver coated yarns","volume":"20","author":"Pollini","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Med."}],"container-title":["Nanomaterials"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-4991\/11\/10\/2697\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T07:12:32Z","timestamp":1760166752000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-4991\/11\/10\/2697"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,13]]},"references-count":70,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]}},"alternative-id":["nano11102697"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nano11102697","relation":{},"ISSN":["2079-4991"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2079-4991","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,13]]}}}