{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T21:01:33Z","timestamp":1787086893197,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,20]],"date-time":"2021-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637366400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003086","name":"Basque Government","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["POSDOC program 2017-2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POSDOC program 2017-2019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003086","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002347","name":"Federal Ministry of Education and Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["03X0150B"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["03X0150B"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nanomaterials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Determination of acute toxicity to vertebrates in aquatic environments is mainly performed following OECD test guideline 203, requiring the use of a large number of fish and with mortality as endpoint. This test is also used to determine toxicity of nanomaterials in aquatic environments. Since a replacement method for animal testing in nanotoxicity studies is desirable, the feasibility of fish primary cultures or cell lines as a model for nanotoxicity screenings is investigated here. Dicentrarchus labrax primary cultures and RTgill-W1 cell line were exposed to several concentrations (0.1 to 200 ug\/mL) of different nanoparticles (TiO2, polystyrene and silver), and cytotoxicity, metabolic activity and reactive oxygen species formation were investigated after 24 and 48 h of exposure. Protein corona as amount of protein bound, as well as the influence of surface modification (-COOH, -NH2), exposure media (Leibovitz\u2019s L15 or seawater), weathering and cell type were the experimental variables included to test their influence on the results of the assays. Data from all scenarios was split based on the significance each experimental variable had in the result of the cytotoxicity tests, in an exploratory approach that allows for better understanding of the determining factors affecting toxicity. Data shows that more variables significantly influenced the outcome of toxicity tests when the primary cultures were exposed to the different nanoparticles. Toxicity tests performed in RTgill-W1 were influenced only by exposure time and nanoparticle concentration. The whole data set was integrated in a biological response index to show the overall impact of nanoparticle exposures.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nano11113136","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,21]],"date-time":"2021-11-21T21:00:50Z","timestamp":1637528450000},"page":"3136","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Sea Bass Primary Cultures versus RTgill-W1 Cell Line: Influence of Cell Model on the Sensitivity to Nanoparticles"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1024-0190","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alba","family":"Jimeno-Romero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, 66280 Sulzbach, Saar, Germany"},{"name":"Cell Biology and Environmental Toxicology Group, Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology, University of the Basque Country UPV\/EHU, 48620 Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frederik","family":"Gwinner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, 66280 Sulzbach, Saar, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, 66280 Sulzbach, Saar, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Espen","family":"Mariussen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 0456 Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4541-8182","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manu","family":"Soto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cell Biology and Environmental Toxicology Group, Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology, University of the Basque Country UPV\/EHU, 48620 Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yvonne","family":"Kohl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, 66280 Sulzbach, Saar, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"#cr-split#-ref_1.1","unstructured":"European Commission (2006). 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