{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T11:19:51Z","timestamp":1778239191095,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,18]],"date-time":"2022-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642464000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Scienti\ufb01c Grant Agency of the Ministry of Education, Science, Research and Sport of the Slovak Republic and the Slovak Academy of Sciences (Vedeck\u00e1 grantov\u00e1 agent\u00fara M\u0160VVa\u0160 SR a SAV)","award":["VEGA 1\/0747\/20"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["VEGA 1\/0747\/20"]}]},{"name":"the Scienti\ufb01c Grant Agency of the Ministry of Education, Science, Research and Sport of the Slovak Republic and the Slovak Academy of Sciences (Vedeck\u00e1 grantov\u00e1 agent\u00fara M\u0160VVa\u0160 SR a SAV)","award":["VEGA 1\/0146\/18"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["VEGA 1\/0146\/18"]}]},{"name":"Grant Agency of the Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra","award":["04-GASPU-2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["04-GASPU-2021"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nanomaterials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Nanotechnology offers new opportunities for the development of novel materials and strategies that improve technology and industry. This applies especially to agriculture, and our previous field studies have indicated that zinc oxide nanoparticles provide promising nano-fertilizer dispersion in sustainable agriculture. However, little is known about the precise ZnO-NP effects on legumes. Herein, 1 mg\u00b7L\u22121 ZnO-NP spray was dispersed on lentil plants to establish the direct NP effects on lentil production, seed nutritional quality, and stress response under field conditions. Although ZnO-NP exposure positively affected yield, thousand-seed weight and the number of pods per plant, there was no statistically significant difference in nutrient and anti-nutrient content in treated and untreated plant seeds. In contrast, the lentil water stress level was affected, and the stress response resulted in statistically significant changes in stomatal conductance, crop water stress index, and plant temperature. Foliar application of low ZnO-NP concentrations therefore proved promising in increasing crop production under field conditions, and this confirms ZnO-NP use as a viable strategy for sustainable agriculture.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nano12030310","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,18]],"date-time":"2022-01-18T22:46:32Z","timestamp":1642545992000},"page":"310","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Effects of Foliar Application of ZnO Nanoparticles on Lentil Production, Stress Level and Nutritional Seed Quality under Field Conditions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Marek","family":"Kolen\u010d\u00edk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Agronomic Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9741-8371","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"D\u00e1vid","family":"Ernst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Agronomic Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matej","family":"Kom\u00e1r","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Agronomic Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7998-7992","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"Ur\u00edk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Laboratory Research on Geomaterials, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynska Dolina, Ilkovi\u010dov\u00e1 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7830-5064","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"\u0160ebesta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Laboratory Research on Geomaterials, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynska Dolina, Ilkovi\u010dov\u00e1 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9354-5223","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u013duba","family":"\u010euri\u0161ov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marek","family":"Bujdo\u0161","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Laboratory Research on Geomaterials, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynska Dolina, Ilkovi\u010dov\u00e1 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ivan","family":"\u010cern\u00fd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Agronomic Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juraj","family":"Chlp\u00edk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Agronomic Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Juriga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Agronomic Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ramakanth","family":"Illa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies, AP IIIT, Krishna District, Nuzvid 521202, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, 2 Cuihubei Lu, Kunming 650091, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9501-8446","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huan","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Earth and Environmental Studies, Montclair State University, 1 Normal Ave, Montclair, NJ 070 43, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6585-8735","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriela","family":"Krato\u0161ov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanotechnology Centre, CEET, V\u0160B Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15\/2172, 708 00 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8667-4633","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karla \u010cech","family":"Barabaszov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanotechnology Centre, CEET, V\u0160B Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15\/2172, 708 00 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ladislav","family":"Ducsay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Agronomic Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. 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