{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T12:39:15Z","timestamp":1784205555460,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,16]],"date-time":"2022-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1644969600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012247","name":"Program of Shanghai Academic\/Technology Research Leader","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20XD1404600"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20XD1404600"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012247","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003399","name":"Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20511107600"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20511107600"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003399","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003399","name":"Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["19511107100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19511107100"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003399","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003399","name":"Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["19511107102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19511107102"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003399","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Chinese Academy of Science","award":["KFJ-STS-QYZD-2021-08-002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KFJ-STS-QYZD-2021-08-002"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2016YFC0100600"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016YFC0100600"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Hundred-Talent Program (Shanghai University of Medicine &amp; Health Sciences)","award":["ZPBRK-18-04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZPBRK-18-04"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nanomaterials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Tumor-associated cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is a dynamic biomarker for genetic analysis, early diagnosis and clinical treatment of cancers. However, its detection has limitations because of its low abundance in blood or other complex bodily fluids. Herein, we developed an ultrasensitive cfDNA electrochemical biosensor (E-cfDNA sensor) based on tetrahedral DNA framework (TDF)-modified gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) with an interface for cfDNA detection. By accurately controlling the numbers of base pairs on each DNA framework, three types of TDFs were programmed: 26 base pairs of TDF; 17 base pairs of TDF; and 7 base pairs of TDF (TDF-26, TDF-16 and TDF-7, respectively). We also combined the TDF with hybridization chain reaction (HCR) to achieve signal amplification. Under optimal conditions, we detected the breast cancer susceptibility gene 1 (BRCA-1), a representative cfDNA closely related to breast cancer. An ultra-low detection limit of 1 aM with a linear range from 1 aM to 1 pM by TDF-26 was obtained, which was superior to the existing methods. Each type of TDF has excellent discrimination ability, which can distinguish single mismatch. More significantly, we also detected BRCA-1 in mimic serum samples, demonstrating that the E-cfDNA sensor has potential use in clinical research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nano12040666","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,16]],"date-time":"2022-02-16T21:36:24Z","timestamp":1645047384000},"page":"666","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Tetrahedral DNA Framework-Programmed Electrochemical Biosenors with Gold Nanoparticles for Ultrasensitive Cell-Free DNA Detection"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Chenguang","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Pudong New District Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai 201318, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoshuang","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Functional Material for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuainan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiuling","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xianqiang","family":"Mi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Functional Material for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China"},{"name":"CAS Center for Excellence in Superconducting Electronics (CENSE), Shanghai 200050, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.9.10.30","article-title":"Cell-Free DNA Tumor Fraction in the Aqueous Humor Is Associated With Therapeutic Response in Retinoblastoma Patients","volume":"9","author":"Polski","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transl. 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