{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T15:05:18Z","timestamp":1768835118187,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,22]],"date-time":"2022-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645488000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nanomaterials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hydrogenated crystalized TiO2\u2212x with oxygen vacant (OV) doping has attracted considerable attraction, owing to its impressive photoactivity. However, amorphous TiO2, as a common allotrope of titania, is ignored as a hydrogenated templet. In this work, hydrogenated amorphous TiO2\u2212x (HAm-TiO2\u2212x) with engineered surface OV and high surface area (176.7 cm2 g\u22121) was first prepared using a unique liquid plasma hydrogenation strategy. In HAm-TiO2\u2212x, we found that OV was energetically retained in the subsurface region; in particular, the subsurface OV-induced energy level preferred to remain under the conduction band (0.5 eV) to form a conduction band tail and deep trap states, resulting in a narrow bandgap (2.36 eV). With the benefits of abundant light absorption and efficient photocarrier transportation, HAm-TiO2\u2212x coated glass has demonstrated superior visible-light-driven self-cleaning performances. To investigate its formaldehyde photodegradation under harsh indoor conditions, HAm-TiO2\u2212x was used to decompose low-concentration formaldehyde (~0.6 ppm) with weak-visible light (\u03bb = 600 nm, power density = 0.136 mW\/cm2). Thus, HAm-TiO2\u2212x achieved high quantum efficiency of 3 \u00d7 10\u22126 molecules\/photon and photoactivity of 92.6%. The adsorption capabilities of O2 (\u22121.42 eV) and HCHO (\u22121.58 eV) in HAm-TiO2\u2212x are both largely promoted in the presence of subsurface OV. The surface reaction pathway and formaldehyde decomposition mechanism over HAm-TiO2\u2212x were finally clarified. This work opened a promising way to fabricate hydrogenated amorphous photocatalysts, which could contribute to visible-light-driven photocatalytic environmental applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nano12050742","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,22]],"date-time":"2022-02-22T22:34:30Z","timestamp":1645569270000},"page":"742","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Hydrogenated Amorphous Titania with Engineered Surface Oxygen Vacancy for Efficient Formaldehyde and Dye Removals under Visible-Light Irradiation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Guang","family":"Feng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China"},{"name":"Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Optics, Chongqing Institute of East China Normal University, Chongqing 401120, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mengyun","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China"},{"name":"Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Optics, Chongqing Institute of East China Normal University, Chongqing 401120, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Botao","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shencheng","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shuai","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China"},{"name":"Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Optics, Chongqing Institute of East China Normal University, Chongqing 401120, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9025-9643","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heping","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Optics, Chongqing Institute of East China Normal University, Chongqing 401120, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S1389-5567(00)00002-2","article-title":"Titanium dioxide photocatalysis","volume":"1","author":"Fujishima","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. 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