{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T00:39:09Z","timestamp":1773275949156,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,18]],"date-time":"2022-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647561600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nanomaterials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Due to the high enthalpy of fusion in water, ice storage systems are known as one of the best cold thermal energy storage systems. The phase change material used in these systems is water, thus it is inexpensive, accessible, and completely eco-friendly. However, despite the numerous advantages of these systems, the phase change process in them is time-consuming and this leads to difficulties in their practical application. To solve this problem, the addition of nanomaterials can be helpful. This study aims to investigate the compound heat transfer enhancement of a cylindrical-shaped unit equipped with double helically coiled coolant tubes using connecting plates and nano additives as heat transfer augmentation methods. Complex three-dimensional numerical simulations are carried out here to assess the best heat exchanger material as well as the impact of various nanoparticle types, including alumina, copper oxide, and titania, and their concentrations in the PCM side of the ice storage unit. The influence of these parameters is discussed on the charging rate and the temperature evolution factor in these systems. The results suggest that using nano additives, as well as the connecting plates, together is a promising way to enhance the solidification rate by up to 29.9%.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nano12061010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,20]],"date-time":"2022-03-20T21:34:27Z","timestamp":1647812067000},"page":"1010","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Compound Heat Transfer Augmentation of a Shell-and-Coil Ice Storage Unit with Metal-Oxide Nano Additives and Connecting Plates"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5325-2381","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Farhad","family":"Afsharpanah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mechanical Engineering Department, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Babol 47148, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3813-4947","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seyed Soheil","family":"Mousavi Ajarostaghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mechanical Engineering Department, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Babol 47148, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Farzam","family":"Akbarzadeh Hamedani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mechanical Engineering Department, Chabahar Maritime and Marine University, Chabahar 99717, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5976-2697","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohsen","family":"Saffari Pour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman 76169, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huggins, R.A. (2010). Energy Storage, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4419-1024-0"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1002\/htj.21624","article-title":"Numerical study of enhancing vehicle radiator performance using different porous fin configurations and materials","volume":"49","author":"Baou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Heat Transf. Asian Res."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sircar, A., Rayavarapu, K., Bist, N., Yadav, K., and Singh, S. (2021). Applications of nanoparticles in enhanced oil recovery. Pet. Res.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ptlrs.2021.08.004"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csite.2016.08.006","article-title":"Experimental investigation of efficiency of square flat-plate solar collector using SiO2\/water nanofluid","volume":"8","author":"Noghrehabadi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Case Stud. Therm. Eng."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.icheatmasstransfer.2011.11.013","article-title":"Optimization of design parameters for nanofluids flowing inside helical coils","volume":"39","author":"Jamshidi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. Commun. Heat Mass Transf."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s40540-016-0017-3","article-title":"Ethylene glycol (EG)-based nanofluids as a coolant for automotive radiator","volume":"3","author":"Mutuku","year":"2016","journal-title":"Asia Pac. J. Comput. Eng."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.renene.2018.02.119","article-title":"Nano-PCM filled energy storage system for solar-thermal applications","volume":"126","author":"Tasnim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Renew. Energy"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.est.2018.11.008","article-title":"Nano-enhanced phase change materials: A review of thermo-physical properties, applications and challenges","volume":"21","author":"Leong","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Energy Storage"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102513","DOI":"10.1016\/j.est.2021.102513","article-title":"Melting performance enhancement of a phase change material using branched fins and nanoparticles for energy storage applications","volume":"38","author":"Irfan","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Energy Storage"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1002\/htj.21870","article-title":"Thermal, environmental, and cost analysis of effective solar portable vaccine refrigerator by COMSOL Multiphysics","volume":"50","year":"2021","journal-title":"Heat Transf."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Najim, F.T., Mohammed, H.I., Al-Najjar, H.M.T., Thangavelu, L., Mahmoud, M.Z., Mahdi, J.M., Tiji, M.E., Ya\u00efci, W., and Talebizadehsardari, P. (2022). Improved Melting of Latent Heat Storage Using Fin Arrays with Non-Uniform Dimensions and Distinct Patterns. Nanomaterials, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/nano12030403"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100969","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csite.2021.100969","article-title":"Eccentricity optimization of an inner flat-tube double-pipe latent-heat thermal energy storage unit","volume":"25","author":"Alnakeeb","year":"2021","journal-title":"Case Stud. Therm. Eng."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11288","DOI":"10.1002\/er.5743","article-title":"Melting and solidification performance in two horizontal shell-and-tube heat exchangers with different structures","volume":"44","author":"Leng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Energy Res."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, M., Mahdi, J.M., Mohammed, H.I., Bokov, D.O., Mahmoud, M.Z., Naghizadeh, A., Talebizadehsardari, P., and Ya\u00efci, W. (2021). Solidification Enhancement in a Multi-Tube Latent Heat Storage System for Efficient and Economical Production: Effect of Number, Position and Temperature of the Tubes. Nanomaterials, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/nano11123211"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20934","DOI":"10.1002\/er.7152","article-title":"Numerical investigation of a double-pipe latent heat thermal energy storage with sinusoidal wavy fins during melting and solidification","volume":"45","author":"Shahsavar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Energy Res."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csite.2021.101343","article-title":"Simultaneous charging and discharging of multi-tube heat storage systems using copper fins and Cu nanoparticles","volume":"27","author":"Mahdavi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Case Stud. Therm. Eng."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101827","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csite.2022.101827","article-title":"Thermal behavior of heat storage system with incorporating nanomaterial","volume":"31","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Case Stud. Therm. Eng."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101831","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csite.2022.101831","article-title":"Analysis of phase change material inside horizontally oriented heat storage unit: A numerical and experimental approach","volume":"31","author":"Mundra","year":"2022","journal-title":"Case Stud. Therm. Eng."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3008","DOI":"10.1002\/er.5129","article-title":"Seasonal thermal performance analysis of glazed window filled with paraffin including various nanoparticles","volume":"44","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Energy Res."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1264","DOI":"10.1007\/s42452-019-1317-3","article-title":"The influence of geometrical parameters on the ice formation enhancement in a shell and double coil ice storage system","volume":"1","author":"Afsharpanah","year":"2019","journal-title":"SN Appl. Sci."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Afsharpanah, F., Pakzad, K., Ajarostaghi, S.S.M., Poncet, S., and Sedighi, K. (2022). Accelerating the charging process in a shell and dual coil ice storage unit equipped with connecting plates. Int. J. Energy Res., 1\u201319.","DOI":"10.1002\/er.7654"},{"key":"ref_22","unstructured":"Bergman, T.L., Incropera, F.P., DeWitt, D.P., and Lavine, A.S. (2011). Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer, John Wiley & Sons."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1709","DOI":"10.1016\/0017-9310(87)90317-6","article-title":"A fixed grid numerical modelling methodology for convection-diffusion mushy region phase-change problems","volume":"30","author":"Voller","year":"1987","journal-title":"Int. J. Heat Mass Transf."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105598","DOI":"10.1016\/j.icheatmasstransfer.2021.105598","article-title":"Analysis of a twisted double-pipe heat exchanger with lobed cross-section as a novel heat storage unit for solar collectors using phase-change material","volume":"128","author":"Farhadi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. Commun. Heat Mass Transf."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1343","DOI":"10.1016\/S0017-9310(96)00210-4","article-title":"A numerical analysis of solid-liquid phase change heat transfer around a single and two horizontal, vertically spaced cylinders in a rectangular cavity","volume":"40","author":"Sasaguchi","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int. J. Heat Mass Transf."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121843","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2021.121843","article-title":"Effect of hydrogen enrichment on the flame propagation, emissions formation and energy balance of the natural gas spark ignition engine","volume":"307","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Fuel"}],"container-title":["Nanomaterials"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-4991\/12\/6\/1010\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T22:39:20Z","timestamp":1760135960000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-4991\/12\/6\/1010"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,18]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]}},"alternative-id":["nano12061010"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nano12061010","relation":{},"ISSN":["2079-4991"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2079-4991","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,18]]}}}