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Rapid and sensitive sensors for DA detection are required for early diagnosis of such disorders. Herein, a carbon quantum dot (CQD)-based refractive index surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor was designed. The sensor performance was evaluated for various concentrations of DA. Increasing DA levels yielded blue-shifted SPR dips. The experimental findings revealed an excellent sensitivity response of 0.138\u00b0\/pM in a linear range from 0.001 to 100 pM and a high binding affinity of 6.234 TM\u22121. The effects of varied concentrations of DA on the optical characteristics of CQD thin film were further proved theoretically. Increased DA levels decreased the thickness and real part of the refractive index of CQD film, according to fitting results. Furthermore, the observed reduction in surface roughness using AFM demonstrated that DA was bound to the sensor layer. This, in turn, explained the blue shift in SPR reflectance curves. This optical sensor offers great potential as a trustworthy solution for direct measurement due to its simple construction, high sensitivity, and other sensing features.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nano12111799","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,25]],"date-time":"2022-05-25T05:12:27Z","timestamp":1653455547000},"page":"1799","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Direct and Sensitive Detection of Dopamine Using Carbon Quantum Dots Based Refractive Index Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9671-888X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Faten Bashar Kamal","family":"Eddin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3475-7469","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yap Wing","family":"Fen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia"},{"name":"Functional Nanotechnology Devices Laboratory, Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nurul Illya Muhamad","family":"Fauzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Functional Nanotechnology Devices Laboratory, Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wan Mohd Ebtisyam Mustaqim Mohd","family":"Daniyal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Functional Nanotechnology Devices Laboratory, Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nur Alia Sheh","family":"Omar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Fahmi","family":"Anuar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Functional Nanotechnology Devices Laboratory, Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hazwani Suhaila","family":"Hashim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amir Reza","family":"Sadrolhosseini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Magneto-Plasmonic Laboratory, Laser and Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran 1983969411, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huda","family":"Abdullah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1007\/s00604-009-0269-5","article-title":"Simple and Sensitive Detection of Dopamine in the Presence of High Concentration of Ascorbic Acid Using Gold Nanoparticles as Colorimetric Probes","volume":"168","author":"Zhang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Microchim. 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