{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T22:08:59Z","timestamp":1793225339235,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":193,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,22]],"date-time":"2022-06-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655856000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Umm Al-Qura University Saudi Arabia","award":["22UQU4290565DSR30"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22UQU4290565DSR30"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nanomaterials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Neurological disorders (NDs) are recognized as one of the major health concerns globally. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), neurological disorders are one of the main causes of mortality worldwide. Neurological disorders include Alzheimer\u2019s disease, Parkinson\u2032s disease, Huntington\u2032s disease, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Frontotemporal dementia, Prion disease, Brain tumor, Spinal cord injury, and Stroke. These diseases are considered incurable diseases because no specific therapies are available to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and reach the brain in a significant amount for the pharmacological effect in the brain. There is a need for the development of strategies that can improve the efficacy of drugs and circumvent BBB. One of the promising approaches is the use of different types of nano-scale materials. These nano-based drugs have the ability to increase the therapeutic effect, reduce toxicity, exhibit good stability, targeted delivery, and drug loading capacity. Different types and shapes of nanomaterials have been widely used for the treatment of neurological disorders, including quantum dots, dendrimers, metallic nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, liposomes, and micelles. These nanoparticles have unique characteristics, including sensitivity, selectivity, and the ability to cross the BBB when used in nano-sized particles, and are widely used for imaging studies and treatment of NDs. In this review, we briefly summarized the recent literature on the use of various nanomaterials and their mechanism of action for the treatment of various types of neurological disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nano12132140","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,22]],"date-time":"2022-06-22T23:11:19Z","timestamp":1655939479000},"page":"2140","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":114,"title":["Applications of Various Types of Nanomaterials for the Treatment of Neurological Disorders"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8593-5379","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdul","family":"Waris","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asmat","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Hazara University Mansehra, Mansehra 21300, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0896-3480","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Atta Ullah","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, No. 11 Zhongguancun Beiyitiao, Beijing 100190, China"},{"name":"Department of Environmental Engineering, Institute of Urban Environment, CAS, Xiamen 361021, China"},{"name":"Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Asim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Doaa","family":"Zamel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Engineering, Institute of Urban Environment, CAS, Xiamen 361021, China"},{"name":"Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kinza","family":"Fatima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, No. 11 Zhongguancun Beiyitiao, Beijing 100190, China"},{"name":"Department of Environmental Engineering, Institute of Urban Environment, CAS, Xiamen 361021, China"},{"name":"Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdur","family":"Raziq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Bacha Khan University Charsadda, Charsadda 24420, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3817-3631","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad Ajmal","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divison of Life Sciences, Center for Cancer Research and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurosciences, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong SAR, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2203-4933","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nazia","family":"Akbar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Hazara University Mansehra, Mansehra 21300, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdul","family":"Baset","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, Bacha Khan University Charsadda, Charsadda 24420, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1348-6567","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammed A. S.","family":"Abourehab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2011.12.015","article-title":"Nanotechnology for neurodegenerative disorders","volume":"73","author":"Re","year":"2012","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gitler, A.D., Dhillon, P., and Shorter, J. (2017). Neurodegenerative Disease: Models, Mechanisms, and a New Hope, The Company of Biologists Ltd.","DOI":"10.1242\/dmm.030205"},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"WHO (2020). 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