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Fullerene exhibits high levels of antiviral activity, inhibiting virus replication in vitro and in vivo. In this review, we systematically summarize the latest research regarding the different types of fullerenes investigated in antiviral studies. We discuss the unique structural advantage of fullerenes, present diverse modification strategies based on the addition of various functional groups, assess the effect of structural differences on antiviral activity, and describe the possible antiviral mechanism. Finally, we discuss the prospective development of fullerenes as antiviral drugs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nano12152547","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,25]],"date-time":"2022-07-25T01:42:13Z","timestamp":1658713333000},"page":"2547","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Progress in Antiviral Fullerene Research"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Piao-Yang","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao-Qing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Funano New Material Technology Company Ltd., Xiamen 361110, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei-Guang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Funano New Material Technology Company Ltd., Xiamen 361110, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8588-1825","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lin-Long","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuan-Zhi","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4244-756X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qianyan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Su-Yuan","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lan-Sun","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1038\/318162a0","article-title":"C60: Buckminsterfullerene","volume":"318","author":"Kroto","year":"1985","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1038\/347354a0","article-title":"Solid C60: A new form of carbon","volume":"347","author":"Lamb","year":"1990","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1038\/352139a0","article-title":"Fullerenes C60 and C70 in flames","volume":"352","author":"Howard","year":"1991","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6651","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.9b01638","article-title":"An Unconventional Hydrofullerene C66H4 with Symmetric Heptagons Retrieved in Low-Pressure Combustion","volume":"141","author":"Tian","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. 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