{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]],"date-time":"2025-12-30T08:53:59Z","timestamp":1767084839901,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,5]],"date-time":"2022-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659657600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Spanish Government","award":["RTI2018-100910-B-C41","RTI2018-101599-B-C22-AR","RTI2018-101599-B-C21-AR","BG20\/00020","PROMETEO 2018\/024","ACIF\/2016\/023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RTI2018-100910-B-C41","RTI2018-101599-B-C22-AR","RTI2018-101599-B-C21-AR","BG20\/00020","PROMETEO 2018\/024","ACIF\/2016\/023"]}]},{"name":"Generalitat Valenciana","award":["RTI2018-100910-B-C41","RTI2018-101599-B-C22-AR","RTI2018-101599-B-C21-AR","BG20\/00020","PROMETEO 2018\/024","ACIF\/2016\/023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RTI2018-100910-B-C41","RTI2018-101599-B-C22-AR","RTI2018-101599-B-C21-AR","BG20\/00020","PROMETEO 2018\/024","ACIF\/2016\/023"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nanomaterials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The low toxicity and high adsorption capacities of clay minerals make them attractive for controlled delivery applications. However, the number of controlled-release studies in the literature using clay minerals is still scarce. In this work, three different clays from the smectite group (Kunipia F, montmorillonite; Sumecton SA, saponite; and Sumecton SWN, hectorite) were successfully loaded with rhodamine B dye and functionalized with oleic acid as a gatekeeper to produce organonanoclays for active and controlled payload-release. Moreover, hematin and cyanocobalamin have also been encapsulated in hectorite gated clay. These organonanoclays were able to confine the entrapped cargos in an aqueous environment, and effectively release them in the presence of surfactants (as bile salts). A controlled delivery of 49 \u00b1 6 \u03bcg hematin\/mg solid and 32.7 \u00b1 1.5 \u03bcg cyanocobalamin\/mg solid was reached. The cargo release profiles of all of the organonanoclays were adjusted to three different release-kinetic models, demonstrating the Korsmeyer\u2013Peppas model with release dependence on (i) the organic\u2013inorganic hybrid system, and (ii) the nature of loaded molecules and their interaction with the support. Furthermore, in vitro cell viability assays were carried out with Caco-2 cells, demonstrating that the organonanoclays are well tolerated by cells at particle concentrations of ca. 50 \u03bcg\/mL.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nano12152694","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,8]],"date-time":"2022-08-08T22:33:11Z","timestamp":1659997991000},"page":"2694","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Gated Organonanoclays for Large Biomolecules: Controlled Release Triggered by Surfactant Stimulus"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8294-5945","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisa","family":"Poyatos-Racionero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigaci\u00f3n de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnol\u00f3gico (IDM), Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, Universitat de Val\u00e8ncia, Camino de Vera s\/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain"},{"name":"CIBER de Bioingenier\u00eda, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0452-1394","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00c9dgar","family":"P\u00e9rez-Esteve","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Tecnolog\u00eda de Alimentos, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, Camino de Vera s\/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Serena","family":"Medaglia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigaci\u00f3n de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnol\u00f3gico (IDM), Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, Universitat de Val\u00e8ncia, Camino de Vera s\/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain"},{"name":"CIBER de Bioingenier\u00eda, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0361-3876","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Aznar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigaci\u00f3n de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnol\u00f3gico (IDM), Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, Universitat de Val\u00e8ncia, Camino de Vera s\/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain"},{"name":"CIBER de Bioingenier\u00eda, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Unidad Mixta de Investigaci\u00f3n en Nanomedicina y Sensores, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria La Fe, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, 46026 Valencia, Spain"},{"name":"Unidad Mixta UPV-CIPF de Investigaci\u00f3n en Mecanismos de Enfermedades y Nanomedicina, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Pr\u00edncipe Felipe, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, 46012 Valencia, Spain"},{"name":"Departamento de Qu\u00edmica, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, Camino de Vera s\/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 M.","family":"Barat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Tecnolog\u00eda de Alimentos, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, Camino de Vera s\/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5873-9674","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ram\u00f3n","family":"Mart\u00ednez-M\u00e1\u00f1ez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigaci\u00f3n de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnol\u00f3gico (IDM), Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, Universitat de Val\u00e8ncia, Camino de Vera s\/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain"},{"name":"CIBER de Bioingenier\u00eda, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Unidad Mixta de Investigaci\u00f3n en Nanomedicina y Sensores, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria La Fe, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, 46026 Valencia, Spain"},{"name":"Unidad Mixta UPV-CIPF de Investigaci\u00f3n en Mecanismos de Enfermedades y Nanomedicina, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Pr\u00edncipe Felipe, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, 46012 Valencia, Spain"},{"name":"Departamento de Qu\u00edmica, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, Camino de Vera s\/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7079-8589","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Dolores","family":"Marcos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigaci\u00f3n de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnol\u00f3gico (IDM), 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Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1007\/s11095-011-0392-y","article-title":"Controlled delivery systems: From pharmaceuticals to cells and genes","volume":"28","author":"Balmayor","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pharm. 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