{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T08:05:25Z","timestamp":1790669125750,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,3]],"date-time":"2022-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1662163200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"UTM Professional Development Research University","award":["PY\/2022\/03183"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PY\/2022\/03183"]}]},{"name":"UTM Professional Development Research University","award":["PY\/2019\/01269"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PY\/2019\/01269"]}]},{"name":"UTM Professional Development Research University","award":["1001\/PFIZIK\/811345"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1001\/PFIZIK\/811345"]}]},{"name":"FRGS grant","award":["PY\/2022\/03183"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PY\/2022\/03183"]}]},{"name":"FRGS grant","award":["PY\/2019\/01269"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PY\/2019\/01269"]}]},{"name":"FRGS grant","award":["1001\/PFIZIK\/811345"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1001\/PFIZIK\/811345"]}]},{"name":"Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM)","award":["PY\/2022\/03183"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PY\/2022\/03183"]}]},{"name":"Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM)","award":["PY\/2019\/01269"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PY\/2019\/01269"]}]},{"name":"Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM)","award":["1001\/PFIZIK\/811345"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1001\/PFIZIK\/811345"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nanomaterials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This work examined the thermoluminescence dosimetry characteristics of Ag-doped ZnO thin films. The hydrothermal method was employed to synthesize Ag-doped ZnO thin films with variant molarity of Ag (0, 0.5, 1.0, 3.0, and 5.0 mol%). The structure, morphology, and optical characteristics were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), photoluminescence (PL), and UV\u2013vis spectrophotometers. The thermoluminescence characteristics were examined by exposing the samples to X-ray radiation. It was obtained that the highest TL intensity for Ag-doped ZnO thin films appeared to correspond to 0.5 mol% of Ag, when the films were exposed to X-ray radiation. The results further showed that the glow curve has a single peak at 240\u2013325 \u00b0C, with its maximum at 270 \u00b0C, which corresponded to the heating rate of 5 \u00b0C\/s. The results of the annealing procedures showed the best TL response was found at 400 \u00b0C and 30 min. The dose\u2013response revealed a good linear up to 4 Gy. The proposed sensitivity was 1.8 times higher than the TLD 100 chips. The thermal fading was recorded at 8% for 1 Gy and 20% for 4 Gy in the first hour. After 45 days of irradiation, the signal loss was recorded at 32% and 40% for the cases of 1 Gy and 4 Gy, respectively. The obtained optical fading results confirmed that all samples\u2019 stored signals were affected by the exposure to sunlight, which decreased up to 70% after 6 h. This new dosimeter exhibits good properties for radiation measurement, given its overgrowth (in terms of the glow curve) within 30 s (similar to the TLD 100 case), simple annealing procedure, and high sensitivity (two times that of the TLD 100).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nano12173068","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,7]],"date-time":"2022-09-07T01:51:57Z","timestamp":1662515517000},"page":"3068","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Development of Ag-Doped ZnO Thin Films and Thermoluminescence (TLD) Characteristics for Radiation Technology"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6597-8515","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hammam Abdurabu","family":"Thabit","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norlaili A.","family":"Kabir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang 11800, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abd Khamim","family":"Ismail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shoroog","family":"Alraddadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Umm AL-Qura University, Makkah 24382, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdullah","family":"Bafaqeer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemical Reaction Engineering Group (GREG), School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muneer Aziz","family":"Saleh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of Radiation Protection, Department of Health, Tumwater, WA 98501, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136522","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2022.136522","article-title":"Development feasibility of TLD phosphors and thermoluminescent composite materials for potential applications in dosimetry: A review","volume":"443","author":"Sinclair","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chem. 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