{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T12:56:59Z","timestamp":1780491419823,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,10]],"date-time":"2022-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1662768000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004054","name":"King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RG-48-135-42"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RG-48-135-42"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nanomaterials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The concept of the nanosatellite comes into play in launching miniaturized versions of satellites or regarding payloads with minimizing cost and building time. The economic affordability of nanosatellites has been promoted with a view to launching various nanosatellite missions. The communication system is one of the most important aspects of a satellite. The antenna is a key element for establishing a communication link between the earth and the nanosatellite. The antenna and solar panel of the nanosatellite are two of the most vital components that profoundly impact antenna type and design. This paper proposes a non-deployable lower ultra-high frequency (UHF) antenna, strategically mounted on the satellite body, to address the constraints of deployment complexity and solar panel integration. The antenna was fabricated and performances measured with a 1U nanosatellite structure, which achieved resonance frequency at 401 MHz frequency bands with 0.672 dBi realized gain. The overall antenna size is 0.13\u03bb \u00d7 0.13\u03bb \u00d7 0.006\u03bb. The major challenges addressed by the proposed antenna are to design a nanosatellite-compatible lower UHF antenna and to ensure solar irradiance into the solar panel to minimize input power scarcity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nano12183143","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,13]],"date-time":"2022-09-13T01:44:03Z","timestamp":1663033443000},"page":"3143","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Lower Ultra-High Frequency Non-Deployable Omnidirectional Antenna for Nanosatellite Communication System"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8856-1213","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Touhidul","family":"Alam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pusat Sains Ankasa (ANGKASA), Institut Perubahan Iklim, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia"},{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, International Islamic University Chittagong (IIUC), Kumira 4318, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1937-2926","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muntasir M.","family":"Sheikh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22254, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3087-131X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rabah W.","family":"Aldhaheri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22254, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mandeep Singh Jit","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengu","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Lean Satellite Enterprises and In-Orbit Experiments, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Fukuoka 804-8550, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4929-3209","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad Tariqul","family":"Islam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khalid H.","family":"Alharbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22254, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Md. Shabiul","family":"Islam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering (FOE), Multimedia University, Persiaran Multimedia, Cyberjaya 63100, Selangor, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Kulu, E. (2021, April 01). Nanosats Database|Constellations, Companies, Technologies and More. Available online: https:\/\/www.nanosats.eu\/."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1109\/MAP.2017.2655582","article-title":"For Satellites, Think Small, Dream Big: A review of recent antenna developments for CubeSats","volume":"59","author":"Manohar","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Antennas Propag. 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