{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T19:04:29Z","timestamp":1787943869096,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,11]],"date-time":"2022-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1662854400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nanomaterials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this study, Fe2O3 powder was synthesized using the co-precipitation method from scrap iron, which was then treated with varying concentrations of copper. Afterwards, the modified Fe2O3 was reinforced in the PVC matrix by using the solution-casting method to synthesize PVC composite films, which were subjected to a UV-visible spectrophotometer, a Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer, an X-ray diffractometer, and a thermal gravimetric analyzer to evaluate the optical, chemical, structural, and thermal properties. FTIR analysis reveals the formation of the composite through vibrational bands pertaining to both components present, whereas no significant changes in the XRD patterns of PVC were observed after the doping of modified iron oxide, which reveals the compatibility of fillers with the PVC matrix. The optical properties of the copper-doped iron oxide-PVC composites, including absorbance, refractive index, urbach energy, and optical as well as electrical conductivity are measured, and show an increase in optical activity when compared to the pure PVC compound. Moreover, the increased thermal stability of the synthesized composite was also observed and compared with conventional compounds, which, in accordance with all the other mentioned properties, makes the copper-dopped iron oxide-PVC composite an effective material for electronic, photonic, and optical device applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nano12183147","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,13]],"date-time":"2022-09-13T01:44:03Z","timestamp":1663033443000},"page":"3147","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Synthesis and Characterization of Polyvinyl Chloride Matrix Composites with Modified Scrap Iron for Advanced Electronic, Photonic, and Optical Systems"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Syed Usama Mauood","family":"Hashmi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Forman Christian College, Lahore 54600, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5031-5305","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad Aamir","family":"Iqbal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5720-3656","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Malik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Excellence in Solid State Physics, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Tariq","family":"Qamar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Forman Christian College, Lahore 54600, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maham","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Forman Christian College, Lahore 54600, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abu","family":"Zahid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Lamar University, Beaumont, TX 77705, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Md. Rasidul","family":"Islam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Bangamata Sheikh Fojilatunnesa Mujib Science and Technology University, Melandah, Jamalpur 2012, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Al-Bahrani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Air conditioning and Refrigeration Techniques Engineering Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon 51001, Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kareem","family":"Morsy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology Department, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8778-9336","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wen-Cheng","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bachelor Program in Industrial Projects, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Douliu 640301, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Electronic Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Douliu 640301, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nurazzi, N.M., Asyraf, M.R.M., Fatimah Athiyah, S., Shazleen, S.S., Rafiqah, S.A., Harussani, M.M., Kamarudin, S.H., Razman, M.R., Rahmah, M., and Zainudin, E.S. 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