{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T19:07:12Z","timestamp":1792177632857,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":156,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,20]],"date-time":"2022-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666224000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nanomaterials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Considerable efforts have been directed towards development of nano-structured carriers to overcome the limitations of anticancer drug, doxorubicin\u2019s, delivery to various cancer sites. The drug\u2019s severe toxicity to cardio and hepatic systems, low therapeutic outcomes, inappropriate dose\u2013demands, metastatic and general resistance, together with non-selectivity of the drug have led to the development of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs)-based drug delivery modules. Nano-scale polymeric co-encapsulation of the drug, doxorubicin, with SPIONs, the SPIONs surface end-groups\u2019 cappings with small molecular entities, as well as structural modifications of the SPIONs\u2019 surface-located functional end-groups, to attach the doxorubicin, have been achieved through chemical bonding by conjugation and cross-linking of natural and synthetic polymers, attachments of SPIONs made directly to the non-polymeric entities, and attachments made through mediation of molecular-spacer as well as non-spacer mediated attachments of several types of chemical entities, together with the physico-chemical bondings of the moieties, e.g., peptides, proteins, antibodies, antigens, aptamers, glycoproteins, and enzymes, etc. to the SPIONs which are capable of targeting multiple kinds of cancerous sites, have provided stable and functional SPIONs\u2013based nano-carriers suitable for the systemic, and in vitro deliveries, together with being suitable for other biomedical\/biotechnical applications. Together with the SPIONs inherent properties, and ability to respond to magnetic resonance, fluorescence-directed, dual-module, and molecular-level tumor imaging; as well as multi-modular cancer cell targeting; magnetic-field-inducible drug-elution capacity, and the SPIONs\u2019 magnetometry-led feasibility to reach cancer action sites have made sensing, imaging, and drug and other payloads deliveries to cancerous sites for cancer treatment a viable option. Innovations in the preparation of SPIONs-based delivery modules, as biocompatible carriers; development of delivery route modalities; approaches to enhancing their drug delivery-cum-bioavailability have explicitly established the SPIONs\u2019 versatility for oncological theranostics and imaging. The current review outlines the development of various SPIONs-based nano-carriers for targeted doxorubicin delivery to different cancer sites through multiple methods, modalities, and materials, wherein high-potential nano-structured platforms have been conceptualized, developed, and tested for, both, in vivo and in vitro conditions. The current state of the knowledge in this arena have provided definite dose-control, site-specificity, stability, transport feasibility, and effective onsite drug de-loading, however, with certain limitations, and these shortcomings have opened the field for further advancements by identifying the bottlenecks, suggestive and plausible remediation, as well as more clear directions for future development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nano12203686","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,21]],"date-time":"2022-10-21T00:34:30Z","timestamp":1666312470000},"page":"3686","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["SPIONs Conjugate Supported Anticancer Drug Doxorubicin\u2019s Delivery: Current Status, Challenges, and Prospects"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3607-3992","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naseem","family":"Akhtar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Dentistry & Pharmacy, Buraydah Private Colleges, P.O. Box 31717, Buraydah 51418, Qassim, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2896-6790","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hamdoon A.","family":"Mohammed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Qassim, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1417-7774","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammed","family":"Yusuf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Mecca, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amal","family":"Al-Subaiyel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Qassim, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6388-3849","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ghassan M.","family":"Sulaiman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biotechnology, Department of Applied Sciences, University of Technology, Baghdad 10066, Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0185-0149","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Riaz A.","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Qassim, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2017.10.043","article-title":"Molecular mechanism of doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy\u2013An update","volume":"818","author":"Renu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. 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