{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T23:42:21Z","timestamp":1791330141530,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,23]],"date-time":"2022-11-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669161600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Flanders Innovation &amp; Entrepeneurship (Vlaio) network"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nanomaterials"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study reports the low temperature and low pressure conversion (up to 160 \u00b0C, p = 3.5 bar) of CO2 and H2 to CO using plasmonic Au\/TiO2 nanocatalysts and mildly concentrated artificial sunlight as the sole energy source (up to 13.9 kW\u00b7m\u22122 = 13.9 suns). To distinguish between photothermal and non-thermal contributors, we investigated the impact of the Au nanoparticle size and light intensity on the activity and selectivity of the catalyst. A comparative study between P25 TiO2-supported Au nanocatalysts of a size of 6 nm and 16 nm displayed a 15 times higher activity for the smaller particles, which can only partially be attributed to the higher Au surface area. Other factors that may play a role are e.g., the electronic contact between Au and TiO2 and the ratio between plasmonic absorption and scattering. Both catalysts displayed \u226584% selectivity for CO (side product is CH4). Furthermore, we demonstrated that the catalytic activity of Au\/TiO2 increases exponentially with increasing light intensity, which indicated the presence of a photothermal contributor. In dark, however, both Au\/TiO2 catalysts solely produced CH4 at the same catalyst bed temperature (160 \u00b0C). We propose that the difference in selectivity is caused by the promotion of CO desorption through charge transfer of plasmon generated charges (as a non-thermal contributor).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nano12234153","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,24]],"date-time":"2022-11-24T02:54:05Z","timestamp":1669258445000},"page":"4153","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Sunlight-Powered Reverse Water Gas Shift Reaction Catalysed by Plasmonic Au\/TiO2 Nanocatalysts: Effects of Au Particle Size on the Activity and Selectivity"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6555-0463","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jordi","family":"Volders","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Design and Synthesis of Inorganic Materials (DESINe), Institute for Materials Research, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium"},{"name":"Imec Vzw, Imomec Associated Laboratory, Wetenschapspark 1, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium"},{"name":"EnergyVille, Thor Park 8320, 3600 Genk, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ken","family":"Elen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Design and Synthesis of Inorganic Materials (DESINe), Institute for Materials Research, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium"},{"name":"Imec Vzw, Imomec Associated Laboratory, Wetenschapspark 1, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium"},{"name":"EnergyVille, Thor Park 8320, 3600 Genk, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5692-1998","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arno","family":"Raes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sustainable Energy, Air & Water Technology (DuEL), University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium"},{"name":"NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rajeshreddy","family":"Ninakanti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sustainable Energy, Air & Water Technology (DuEL), University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium"},{"name":"NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6957-2216","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"An-Sofie","family":"Kelchtermans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Design and Synthesis of Inorganic Materials (DESINe), Institute for Materials Research, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium"},{"name":"Imec Vzw, Imomec Associated Laboratory, Wetenschapspark 1, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium"},{"name":"EnergyVille, Thor Park 8320, 3600 Genk, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9266-0561","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesc","family":"Sastre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), High Tech Campus 25, 5656 AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"An","family":"Hardy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Design and Synthesis of Inorganic Materials (DESINe), Institute for Materials Research, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium"},{"name":"Imec Vzw, Imomec Associated Laboratory, Wetenschapspark 1, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium"},{"name":"EnergyVille, Thor Park 8320, 3600 Genk, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6632-2243","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pegie","family":"Cool","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Adsorption and Catalysis, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2372-9630","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sammy W.","family":"Verbruggen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sustainable Energy, Air & Water Technology (DuEL), University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium"},{"name":"NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2076-2585","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pascal","family":"Buskens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Design and Synthesis of Inorganic Materials (DESINe), Institute for Materials Research, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium"},{"name":"The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), High Tech Campus 25, 5656 AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5516-7962","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marlies K.","family":"Van Bael","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Design and Synthesis of Inorganic Materials (DESINe), Institute for Materials Research, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium"},{"name":"Imec Vzw, Imomec Associated Laboratory, Wetenschapspark 1, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium"},{"name":"EnergyVille, Thor Park 8320, 3600 Genk, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"IEA (2022, August 01). 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