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As part of its safety assessment, an in vivo geno-toxicological evaluation of this material was conducted in rats. First, a preliminary dose finding study was carried out to decide the doses to be tested in the main study: 50, 300 and 2000 mg\/kg b.w. For the main study, a combined strategy composed of the MN test (TG 474) and the comet assay (TG 489), integrated in a repeated dose 28-day oral toxicity study (TG 407), was performed. A No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) of 2000 mg of the silver-kaolin formulation\/kg b.w. by oral route, for 28 days, was determined. The silver-kaolin formulation did not induce micronuclei in bone marrow, or DNA strand breaks (SBs) or alkali labile sites (ALS) in liver, spleen, kidney or duodenum at any dose. The modified Fpg comet assay did not reveal oxidized bases in the same tissues at the dose of 2000 mg\/kg b.w. Silver was quantified by ICP-MS in all the target organs, confirming the negative results obtained under these conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/nano13010003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,20]],"date-time":"2022-12-20T05:08:54Z","timestamp":1671512934000},"page":"3","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Genotoxicity and Toxicity Assessment of a Formulation Containing Silver Nanoparticles and Kaolin: An In Vivo Integrative Approach"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Adriana","family":"Rodriguez-Garraus","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Alonso-Jauregui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1595-3395","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana-Gloria","family":"Gil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1863-0580","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"I\u00f1igo","family":"Navarro-Blasco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2085-1289","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adela","family":"L\u00f3pez de Cerain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain"},{"name":"Navarra Institute for Health Research, IdiSNA, Irunlarrea 3, 31008 Pamplona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4857-9931","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amaya","family":"Azqueta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain"},{"name":"Navarra Institute for Health Research, IdiSNA, Irunlarrea 3, 31008 Pamplona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), and World Organization for Animal Health (2003). 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